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Carbonyl compounds and methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-ones (MCPOs), which were detected in the products and catalysts, respectively, are considered as intermediates. The latter species can be synthesized from the former species and olefins. 13 C isotope tracing and 13 C liquid-state NMR results confirmed that the carbon atoms of CO molecules were incorporated into MCPOs and aromatic rings. A new aromatization mechanism that involves the formation of the above intermediates and co-occurs with a dramatically decreased hydrogen transfer reaction is proposed. A portion of the carbons in CO molecules are incorporated into aromatic, which is of great significance for industrial applications.© 2018 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co.<br /><br /> KGaA, Weinheim.Mechanically adaptive implants fabricated with poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-based negative photoresists.Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2071 Martin Luther King Jr. Drive, Neural implants that are based on mechanically adaptive polymers (MAPs) and soften upon insertion into the body have previously been demonstrated to elicit a reduced chronic tissue response than more rigid devices fabricated from silicon or metals, but their processability has been limited. Here we report a negative photoresist approach towards physiologically responsive MAPs. [http://www.allinno.com/product/cyclodextrin/683.html where to buy salcaprozate] exploited this framework to create cross-linked terpolymers of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate and 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate by photolithographic processes. Our systematic investigation of this platform afforded an optimized composition that exhibits a storage modulus E' of 1 GPa in the dry state.<br /><br /> Upon exposure to simulated physiological conditions the material swells slightly (21% w/w) leading to a reduction of E' to 2 MPa. The large modulus change is mainly caused by plasticization, which shifts the glass transition from above to below 37 °C. Single shank probes fabricated by photolithography could readily be implanted into a brain-mimicking gel without buckling and viability studies with microglial cells show that the materials Characterization of freestanding photoresist films for biological and MEMS 27599 ; Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC Photoresists are light-sensitive resins used in a variety of technological applications. In most applications, however, photoresists are generally used as sacrificial layers or a structural layer that remains on the fabrication substrate. Thin layers of patterned 1002F photoresist were fabricated and released to form a freestanding film. Films of thickness in the range of 4-250 μm were patterned with through-holes to a resolution of 5 μm and an aspect ratio of up to 6:1. Photoresist films could be reliably released from the substrate after a 12-hour immersion in water.<br /><br /> The Young's modulus of a 50 μm-thick film was 13 ± 00 GPa. Use of the films as stencils for patterning sputtered metal onto a surface was demonstrated. These 1002F stencils were used multiple times without deterioration in feature quality. Furthermore, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SNAC Seebio cyanocobalamin salcaprozate sodium] provided biocompatible, transparent surfaces of low autofluorescence on which cells could be grown. Culture of cells on a film with an isolated small pore enabled a single cell to be accessed through the underlying channel and loaded with exogenous molecules independently of nearby cells. Thus 1002F photoresist was patterned into thin, flexible, free-standing films that will have numerous applications in the biological and MEMS fields.Adaptive aromaticity in 16-valence-electron metallazapentalenes.<br /><br />Provincial, Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, According to Hückel's and Baird's rules, cyclic species are generally aromatic only either in the lowest singlet state (S0) or in the lowest-lying triplet ππ* excited state (T1). Thus, species with aromaticity both in S0 and T1 states (termed as adaptive aromaticity) are particularly rare. Herein, we carry out density functional theory (DFT) calculations to examine the aromaticity of 16e metallapentalenes containing heteroatoms (N, O). Interestingly, metallazapentalenes show adaptive aromaticity whereas metalloxapentalenes display nonaromaticity in the S0 and T1 states, which is supported by structural, magnetic, and electronic indices. In addition, a series of metallazapentalenes containing strong σ- or π-donor ligands are predicted to achieve adaptive aromaticity. Our findings expand the family of adaptive aromatics significantly, inviting experimental chemists to realize more hetero-metallapentalenes with adaptive aromaticity.Study of pattern fabrication model using near-field photolithography.<br /><br />This study established a pattern fabrication model for near-field photolithography (NFP) and conducted pattern fabrication and analysis to understand the process of NFP. This study proposed that exposure energy density can accumulate when two exposure beams overlap. We also presented a method to analyze the exposure energy density of patterns and an error function derived from the results of the exposure energy simulation and the maximum exposure energy density.