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Ergothioneine is a naturally occurring amino acid with potent antioxidant properties. In order to investigate ergothioneine's effects on telomere length, we cultured primary human fibroblasts under standard and oxidative (10 µM H2O2) conditions and treated cells with 04, 0, 0, or 1 mg/ml ergothioneine for 8 weeks. Telomere length measurements were performed using high-throughput quantitative fluorescent in situ hybridization (HT Q-FISH). Treatment with ergothioneine transiently increased relative telomerase activity after 24 h (p &lt; 05 for all concentrations). Under oxidative conditions, ergothioneine treatment resulted in significantly longer median telomere length and 20th percentile telomere length, and significantly reduced the percentage of short telomeres (&lt;3 kilobase pairs) for all treatment concentrations after 8 weeks. Telomere shortening rate was also reduced.<br /><br />Overall, ergothioneine demonstrated beneficial effects by decreasing the rate of telomere shortening and preserving telomere length under oxidative stress conditions. Our data support a potential role for ergothioneine in oxidative stress-related conditions and healthy aging.The key role of ergothioneine in label-free surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectra of biofluids: a retrospective re-assessment of the literature.Label-free surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has recently gained attention in the field of liquid biopsy as a rapid and relatively inexpensive technique that could significantly ease clinical diagnosis and prognosis by investigating a biofluid sample with a laser. Indeed, SERS spectra provide information about a set of metabolites present in the analysed biofluid, thereby offering biochemical insight into specific health conditions. Ergothioneine plays a key role since it is one of the few metabolites in biofluids that are detectable by label-free SERS. In [http://www.allinno.com/product/amino-acids/21.html API] , many studies characterizing biofluids or other biological samples have unknowingly linked this amino acid with crucial metabolic processes, including inflammation, in a plethora of diseases.<br /><br />However, since the SERS spectrum of ergothioneine has been reported only recently, most past studies inadvertently assigned what are now recognized as the spectral features of this compound to other molecules. The purpose of the present review is to summarize and re-evaluate these studies in the light of the recent SERS characterization of ergothioneine so as to better recognize the role of ergothioneine in many clinical conditions.Federation of European Biochemical Societies.Ergothioneine: A Stress Vitamin with Antiaging, Vascular, and Neuroprotective School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.Significance: Ergothioneine (ET) is an unusual sulfur-containing amino acid derived from histidine, acquired predominantly from food.<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Its depletion is associated with deleterious consequences in response to stress stimuli in cell culture models, prompting us to classify it as a vitamin in 2010, which was later supported by in vivo studies. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collagen Seebio powder collagen] is obtained from a variety of foods and is taken up by a selective transporter. ET possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that confer cytoprotection. ET crosses the blood-brain barrier and has been reported to have beneficial effects in the brain. In this study, we discuss the cytoprotective and neuroprotective properties of ET, which may be harnessed for combating neurodegeneration and decline during aging. Recent Advances: The designation of ET as a stress vitamin is gaining momentum, opening a new field of investigation involving small molecules that are essential for optimal physiological functioning and maintenance of health span. Critical Issues: Although ET was discovered more than a century ago, its physiological functions are still being elucidated, especially in the brain.<br /><br />As ET is present in most foods, toxicity associated with its deprivation has been difficult to assess. Future Directions: Using genetically engineered cells and mice, it may now be possible to elucidate roles of ET. This coupled with advances in genomics and metabolomics may lead to identification of ET function. As ET is a stable antioxidant with anti-inflammatory properties, whose levels decline during aging, supplementing ET in the diet or consuming an ET-rich diet may prove beneficial. Antioxid. Conflict of interest statement: The author declares no conflicts of interest.Enzymatic cyclizations of squalene analogs with threo- and erythro-diols at the 6,7- or 10,11-positions by recombinant squalene cyclase.<br /><br />