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Recently it has become possible to estimate their contributions in healthy humans using specific and potent receptor antagonists. Both hormones act to improve glucose tolerance (i.e. the antagonists impair tolerance) and their effects are additive. GIP seems to be quantitatively the most important, particularly regarding insulin secretion, whereas the action of GLP-1 is mainly displayed via inhibition of glucagon ONE MONTH WEIGHT LOSS PREDICTS THE EFFICACY OF LIRAGLUTIDE IN OBESE PATIENTS: Maccora C, Ciuoli C, Goracci A, Benenati N, Formichi C, Pilli T, Verdino V, Mnutr ON, Bufano A, Tirone A, Voglino C, Fagiolini A, Castagna MG.Objective: Liraglutide is a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist which acts through peripheral and central receptor pathways affecting food intake.<br /><br /> Preliminary identification of responder patients represents a crucial point to reduce an inappropriate exposure to the drug and the health expenditure. The primary endpoint of our study was to identify predictors of liraglutide efficacy in the short term follow-up. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucagon-like_peptide-1 glipizide drug class] was to evaluate the treatment efficacy stratified by the underlying psychiatric disorder. Methods: We evaluated a cohort of 100 patients (77 females, 23 males, mean body mass index 38 ± 3 kg/m2) who were evaluated at baseline, and after 1, 3, and 6 months of treatment. Liraglutide efficacy was defined by a weight loss ≥5% of initial weight. Sociodemographic/metabolic parameters, food intake, smoking habit, and physical activity were correlated with liraglutide efficacy. Results: There was a significant weight loss after 1 month of therapy, as well as after 3 and 6 months when compared to the baseline (P&lt;001; 27%, 45%, and 57% of patients showed a weight loss ≥5%, respectively).<br /><br /> No difference was found in weight loss between the 3 groups of patients (with binge eating, with/without psychiatric disorders). The weight loss at 1 month was the only predictor of a positive response to the treatment. Conclusion: Our results confirm the efficacy of liraglutide even at a lower dose than conventional. The early response to the drug seems to be a good predictor of long-term efficacy and it might be useful in clinical practice to identify patients in whom liraglutide may induce a significant weight loss. Abbreviations: BMI = body mass index; EMA = European Medicine Agency; FDA = Food and Drug Administration; GLP-1 RA = glucagon-like Efficacy and safety of liraglutide therapy in 195 Indian patients with type 2 BACKGROUND: GLP-1 analogues has established role in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Liraglutide, a human GLP-1 analogue is used as an adjunct to diet and exercise in adults with T2DM for improvement of glycemic OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety of liraglutide in Indian patients METHODS: A prospective, open label, single arm, single centre, observational study of 24 weeks duration in a real-world setting. Subjects with T2DM with impaired glucose control despite of antidiabetic therapy and clinically suitable for liraglutide therapy were enrolled and managed.<br /><br /> All subjects received liraglutide therapy in addition to their existing anti-diabetic therapy. Starting dose of liraglutide (Victoza) was 0 mg/day for 7 days followed by 1 mg/day for next 7 days and finally 1 mg/day for 22 weeks. [http://www.allinno.com/product/active-pharmaceuticals-ingredi/666.html glp 1] were evaluated at baseline and at 24 weeks. Adverse events (AE) noted during course of therapy were recorded. Student t test (two tailed, dependent) was performed for assessment of statistical significance.RESULTS: Total 195 subjects were studied over 24 weeks. Mean fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was decreased from 1631 mg/dL to 111 (P&lt;001); similarly HbA1c was reduced from 84% to 66% (P=006) at 24 weeks.<br /><br /> At week 24, 493% and 413% subjects treated with liraglutide reached an HbA1c&lt;7% and ≤6%, respectively. Mean weight was reduced from 861 kg to 827 kg (P&lt;001). Additionally mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure was reduced from 1291 and 768 mm of Hg to 1199 (P=00) and 708 (P&lt;001) mm of Hg, respectively. Serum cholesterol was reduced from 1668 mg/dL to 1246 mg/dL (P&lt;001). Twenty-two (118%) subjects reported adverse events (AE), the most common AEs being vomiting, tiredness, loose motion and nausea. All AEs were mild to moderate in nature without any serious AE.CONCLUSION: In 195 Indian patients with T2DM receiving anti-diabetic drugs, addition of liraglutide resulted in significant improvement in glycemic parameters and was well tolerated.<br /><br /> Clinically significant reduction in weight, blood pressure and serum cholesterol were also noted.In vitro digestion effect on CCK and GLP-1 release and antioxidant capacity of Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Recently, plant-based milk substitutes, as an emerging industry, are receiving more attention. Despite that, these dairy alternatives have not been adequately studied for their functional properties.