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♦METHODS This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study was performed in elderly CAPD patients (5 males and 4 females) with chronic constipation. All subjects were randomly assigned to receive either g FOS or placebo daily for days. After [http://allinno.com/product/healthcare/671.html 2'-fucosyllactose] -day washout period, the patients were switched to the other substance for 1 more month. Before and after each treatment period, frequency of defecation, characteristics of feces, and colonic transit were evaluated. Biochemical parameters were also assessed. ♦RESULTS Fructo-oligosaccharides significantly increased the frequency of defecation ( ± 2 vs 6 ± 1 times per week, p 05) and changed the feces' appearance from type 1 (nut-like) to type 4 (sausage-like).<br /><br /> The colonic transit determined by geometric center (GC) was augmented after FOS supplementation (3 ± vs 3 ±, p 5). Fructo-oligosaccharides had no effects on biochemical parameters. Fructo-oligosaccharides caused mild discomforts which were well tolerated after dose adjustment. ♦CONCLUSIONS Fructo-oligosaccharide supplementation is effective, well tolerated, and can be an alternative to other laxatives in CAPD patients with constipation. Further studies are needed to better assess the biochemical effects of FOS in the chronic kidney disease population.Synthesis of fluorescent oligosaccharides for covalent attachment to living Asparagine-linked oligosaccharides were liberated from glycoproteins by hydrazinolysis. The treatment resulted in de-N-acetylation of the amino sugars.<br /><br /> After isolation of the oligosaccharides free amino groups were labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate and remaining amino groups reacetylated. The fluorescent oligosaccharides were used to label living cells. They were converted to hydrazine derivatives and covalently attached to cell surface oligosaccharides, which had been treated with periodate or neuraminidase and galactose oxidase. This enabled the visualization of the attached oligosaccharides at the external aspect of the plasma membrane by fluorescence Preparation and antimicrobial property of chitosan oligosaccharide Microwave irradiation was used to intercalate quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan oligosaccharide (QCMCO) into the layer of rectorite (REC) to prepare QCMCOREC method of 48 h. The structures and morphology of QCOR nanocomposites were characterized by XRD, TEM, FT-IR and zeta potential analysis, the thermal behavior and antimicrobial activity of QCOR nanocomposites were also discussed. The results revealed that the interlayer distance of QCOR nanocomposites enlarged with the increase of QCMCO content, hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction between QCMCO and REC took place. As compared to QCMCO, the crystallinity of QCOR nanocomposites reduced, the thermal stability of QCOR nanocomposites improved, and the inhibitory activity of QCOR nanocomposites against microorganisms was stronger, the lowest minimum inhibition concentration was only25% (wv), the antimicrobial mechanism was discussed via TEM and SEM Development of Non-Hydrolysable Oligosaccharide Activity-Based Inactivators for Endoglycanases A Case Study on α-1,6 Mannanases.<br /><br />Schröder SP(1), Offen WA(2), Males A(2), Jin Y(2), de Boer C(1), Enotarpi J(1), Marino L(1), van der Marel GA(1), Florea BI(1), Codée JDC(1), Overkleeft HS(1), There is a vast genomic resource for enzymes active on carbohydrates. Lagging [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2%27-Fucosyllactose Fucosylated oligosaccharides] , however, are functional chemical tools for the rapid characterization of carbohydrate-active enzymes. Activity-based probes (ABPs) offer one chemical solution to these issues with ABPs based upon cyclophellitol epoxide and aziridine covalent and irreversible inhibitors representing a potent and widespread approach. Such inhibitors for enzymes active on polysaccharides are potentially limited by the requirement for several glycosidic bonds, themselves substrates for the enzyme targets. Here, it is shown that non-hydrolysable trisaccharide can be synthesized and applied even to enzymes with challenging subsite requirements. It was found that incorporation of carbasugar moieties, which was accomplished by cuprate-assisted regioselective trans-diaxial epoxide opening of carba-mannal synthesised for this purpose, yields inactivators that act as powerful activity-based inhibitors for α-1,6 endo-mannanases. 3-D structures at 15-17 Å resolutions confirm the design rationale and binding to the enzymatic nucleophile.<br /><br /> Carbasugar oligosaccharide cyclophellitols offer a powerful new approach for the design of robust endoglycosidase inhibitors, while the synthesis procedures presented here should allow adaptation towards activity-based endoglycosidase probes as well as configurational isosteres targeting other endoglycosidase families.