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Anti-diabetic effect of a novel oligosaccharide isolated from Rosa canina via modulation of DNA methylation in Streptozotocin-diabetic rats.Bahrami G(1)(2), Sajadimajd S(3), Mohammadi B(1), Hatami R(1), Miraghaee S(1), University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a well-known clinical entity with various late complications. There is a surge of research aiming to use the medical herb OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate whether the alleviation of DM by an isolated compound from Rosa canina is mediated by DNA methylation in METHODS Sixty adult Wistar male rats were classified into control, diabetic and treatment groups. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2%27-Fucosyllactose Seebio 2'-fucosyllactose] were treated with STZ (&nbsp;mgkg), metformin (0&nbsp;mgkg), and oligosaccharide fraction (OF; , and &nbsp;mgkg) isolated from Rosa canina.<br /><br /> DNA was extracted from the blood and pancreas to determine DNA methylation using the Global DNA Methylation kit. The expressions of DNA methyltransferases (Dnmts), PDX1, Ins1, GCK and PTP1B2 were determined by using RESULTS The significant blood glucose-lowering potential of OF was associated with a reduced level of global DNA methylation (p 5). The expression levels of Dnmts 1 and 3α increased in the pancreas and blood from diabetic rats compared to control group which declined by OF treatment (p 5). Paradoxically, the expression of Dnmt 3β augmented in the pancreas and blood of OF group compared to diabetic ones (p 5). Besides, [http://allinno.com/product/healthcare/671.html Seebio 2'-Fucose lactose] of Pdx1, PTP1B2, Ins1 and GCK increased in OF-treated rats compared to diabetic groups.CONCLUSION Results revealed that DNA methylation plays a causal role in the effectiveness of the isolated OF. Furthermore, the possible regenerative potential of oligosaccharide in diabetic rats may have contributed to the Conflict of interest statement We wish to confirm that there are no known conflicts of interest associated with this publication and there has been no significant financial support for this work that could have influenced its Hyaluronidase and Hyaluronan Oligosaccharides Promote Neurological Recovery Vinukonda G(1), Dohare P(1), Arshad A(1), Zia MT(1), Panda S(1), Korumilli R(1), University, Portland, Oregon 97239, and.<br /><br />Center, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital at Westchester Medical Center, New York J Neurosci. 19 May 1;39(18)3597. Neurosurgery. 16 Jun;78(6)N12-4.Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in premature infants results in inflammation, arrested oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) maturation, and reduced myelination of the white matter. Hyaluronan (HA) inhibits OPC maturation and complexes with the heavy chain (HC) of glycoprotein inter-α-inhibitor to form pathological HA (HC-HA complex), which exacerbates inflammation. Therefore, we hypothesized that IVH would result in accumulation of HA, and that either degradation of HA by hyaluronidase treatment or elimination of HCs from pathological HA by HA oligosaccharide administration would restore OPC maturation, myelination, and neurological function in survivors with IVH.<br /><br /> To test these hypotheses, we used the preterm rabbit model of glycerol-induced IVH and analyzed autopsy samples from premature infants. We found that total HA levels were comparable in both preterm rabbit pups and human infants with and without IVH, but HA receptors--CD44, TLR2, TLR4--were elevated in the forebrain of both humans and rabbits with IVH. Hyaluronidase treatment of rabbits with IVH reduced CD44 and TLR4 expression, proinflammatory cytokine levels, and microglia infiltration. It also promoted OPC maturation, myelination, and neurological recovery. HC-HA and tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene-6 were elevated in newborns with IVH; and depletion of HC-HA levels by HA oligosaccharide treatment reduced inflammation and enhanced myelination and neurological recovery in rabbits with IVH. Hence, hyaluronidase or HA oligosaccharide treatment represses inflammation, promotes OPC maturation, and restores myelination and neurological function in rabbits with IVH. These therapeutic strategies might improve the neurological outcome of premature infants with IVH.<br /><br /> Significance statement Approximately 12 premature infants develop IVH every year in the United States, and a large number of survivors with IVH develop cerebral palsy and cognitive deficits. The onset of IVH induces inflammation of the periventricular white matter, which results in arrested maturation of OPCs and myelination failure.