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Synergistic effects of fermented soybean meal and mannan-oligosaccharide on growth performance, digestive functions, and hepatic gene expression in broiler Soumeh EA(1), Mohebodini H(2), Toghyani M(3), Shabani A(4), Ashayerizadeh A(4), University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan 49189-4364, This study investigated the effects of fermented soybean meal (FSBM) with or without mannan-oligosaccharide (MOS) prebiotic on growth performance, digestive functions, and hepatic IGF-1 gene expression of broiler chicken. A total of 4 day-old male broiler chickens were fed with 4 experimental diets for 6 wk. Experimental diets included corn-soybean meal diet (CON); corn-soybean meal diet + MOS prebiotic %, ActiveMOS; Biorigin, Brazile]; corn-FSBM diet [soybean meal (SBM) was totally replaced by FSBM]; and corn-FSBM + MOS prebiotic (MIX). Replacing dietary SBM with FSBM with or without MOS improved body weight gain and feed efficiency for the total grow-out period. However, the addition of MOS to the FSBM diet exhibited a greater body weight gain than other experimental diets. [http://allinno.com/product/healthcare/671.html Fucosylated oligosaccharides] and villus height to crypt depth of the duodenum and jejunum were increased by feeding FSBM, MOS, and MIX diets.<br /><br /> The ileal crude protein and energy digestibilities, as well as the activities of intestinal amylase and protease, and pancreatic protease, were improved by replacing SBM with FSBM, with or without MOS. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2%27-Fucosyllactose 2'-Fucose lactose] of plasma 3-methylhistidine was reduced by FSBM and MOS, and synergistically by their combination. The MOS and FSBM diets upregulated the hepatic IGF-1 gene expression. However, there was an evident synergistic effect of FSBM supplemented with MOS in the upregulation of the hepatic IGF-1 gene expression. The outcomes of the current study indicate the FSBM and MOS had the potential to improve growth performance, hepatic IGF-1 expression, and intestinal morphology of broilers. Overall, the fermented products could be considered as functional feed that exhibits probiotic effects and the synergistic effects of prebiotics added to the fermented feeds may further improve the growth performance and gut health and functionality in A unique capsular polysaccharide structure from the psychrophilic marine bacterium Colwellia psychrerythraea 34H that mimics antifreeze (glyco)proteins.Carillo S(1), Casillo A, Pieretti G, Parrilli E, Sannino F, Bayer-Giraldi M, Cosconati S, Novellino E, Ewert M, Deming JW, Lanzetta R, Marino G, Parrilli M, The low temperatures of polar regions and high-altitude environments, especially icy habitats, present challenges for many microorganisms.<br /><br /> Their ability to live under subfreezing conditions implies the production of compounds conferring cryotolerance. Colwellia psychrerythraea 34H, a γ-proteobacterium isolated from subzero Arctic marine sediments, provides a model for the study of life in cold environments. We report here the identification and detailed molecular primary and secondary structures of capsular polysaccharide from C. psychrerythraea 34H cells. The polymer was isolated in the water layer when cells were extracted by phenolwater and characterized by one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy together with chemical analysis. Molecular mechanics and dynamics calculations were also performed. The polysaccharide consists of a tetrasaccharidic repeating unit containing two amino sugars and two uronic acids bearing threonine as substituent.<br /><br /> The structural features of this unique polysaccharide resemble those present in antifreeze proteins and glycoproteins. These results suggest a possible correlation between the capsule structure and the ability of C. psychrerythraea to colonize subfreezing marine environments.Common oligosaccharide moieties inhibit the adherence of typical and atypical Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4JQ, UK 2Health Protection Agency (HPA), Porton Intervention in bacterial adhesion to host cells is a novel method of overcoming current problems associated with antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria that cause respiratory tract infections are a problem in hospitals and could be used in bioterrorist attacks. A range of bacterial species was demonstrated to attach to an alveolar epithelial (A549) cell line. In all cases, cell surface oligosaccharides were important in attachment, demonstrated by reduced adhesion when A549 cells were pre-treated with tunicamycin.