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Production of prebiotic xylooligosaccharides from industrial-derived xylan Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 2037, China; College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 2037, China.Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, In order to produce xylooligosaccharides (XOS) with excellent prebiotics properties from industrial-derived xylan residue (IDXR), maleic acid (MA) and citric acid (CA) were used as catalysts under different treatment conditions. Under the identified optimum conditions  M of MA and M of CA at 1 °C for  min), CA showed a better ability than MA to maximumly produce XOS. The yields of XOS from MA and CA treatments were 48% and 52%, which were comprised of X2-X6 proportions of 697% and 66.%, respectively. Anaerobic fermentation results demonstrated that both XOS-CA and XOS-MA exhibited pronounced prebiotic activity for proliferating Bifidobacterium adolescentis (B.<br /><br /> adolescentis) and Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus). XOS-CA possessed the better ability for B. adolescentis to produce the short-chain fatty acid These results imply organic acid treatments can be applied to produce XOS with excellent prebiotic properties from IDXR.Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) lectin recognizes alpha-linked galactose, but not N-acetyl lactosamine in N-linked oligosaccharide terminals.Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) agglutinin (PNA) is extensively used as tumour marker as it strongly recognises the cancer specific T antigen (Galbeta1--3GalNAc-), but not its sialylated version. However, an additional specificity towards Galbeta1--4GlcNAc (LacNAc), which is not tumour specific, had been attributed to PNA.<br /><br /> For [http://allinno.com/product/healthcare/671.html 2'-Fucose lactose] of lectin histochemical results we examined PNA sugar specificity using naturally occurring or semi-synthetic glycoproteins, matrix-immobilised galactosides and lectin-binding tissue glycoproteins, rather than mono- or disaccharides as ligands. Dot-blots, transfer blots or polystyrene plate coatings of the soluble glycoconjugates were probed with horse-radish peroxidase (HRP) conjugates of PNA and other lectins of known specificity. Modifications of PNA-binding glycoproteins, including selective removal of O-linked oligosaccharides and treatment with glycosidases revealed that Galbeta1--4GlcNAc (LacNAc) was ineffective while terminal alpha-linked galactose (TAG) as well as exposed T antigen (Galbeta1--3 GalNAc-) was excellent as sugar moiety in glycoproteins for their recognition by PNA. When immobilised, melibiose was superior to lactose in PNA binding. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2%27-Fucosyllactose Human Milk Glycans] were confirmed using TAG-specific human serum anti-alpha-galactoside antibody.The immunochemistry of Salmonella chemotype VI O-antigens. The structure of oligosaccharides from Salmonella group U (o 43) lipopolysaccharides.<br /><br /> A series of oligosaccharides was isolated from Salmonella milwaukee lipopolysaccharide by partial acid hydrolysis. 2. Structural studies on these oligosaccharides indicated that the O-specific side chain of this lipopolysaccharide has a repeating pentasaccharide unit that is probably alpha-d-galactosyl-(1--3)-beta-d-galactosyl- d-glucosaminyl-(1--4)-l-fucose. 3. Another oligosaccharide, which is not structurally related to the repeating pentasaccharide unit, has also been isolated and it is indistinguishable from an oligosaccharide obtained from Salmonella ;rough' (R) lipopolysaccharides. The isolation of this and similar core oligosaccharides from all chemotype VI lipopolysaccharides supports the view that Salmonella S-lipopolysaccharides have a common core that is probably identical with RII lipopolysaccharide.Two pentasaccharide resin glycosides from Argyreia acuta.<br /><br />Two new compounds of acutacosides 1 and 2, pentasaccharide resin glycosides were isolated from the aerial parts of Argyreia acuta. The core of the two compounds was operculinic acid A, and they were esterfied at the same position, just one substituent group was linked at C-2 of Rha. The absolute configuration of the aglycone in the two compounds was established by Mosher's method, which was established by a combination of spectroscopic and chemical methods.