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Heteroaromatic N-oxides such as pyridine and quinoline N-oxides are well studied in organic chemistry, and N-oxide formation has long been utilized for tuning the reactivities of heteroaromatics. However, the scope of aromatic N-oxidation is still restricted to relatively small azine or azole skeletons, and there has been little investigation of the photophysical/chemical effects of N-oxidation on larger heteroaromatic systems. Here, the synthesis and unique properties of new macrocyclic heteroaromatic N-oxides, tetraazaporphyrin (TAP) meso-N-oxides, are reported. N-Oxidation of TAP reduced the 18π-aromaticity of the TAP ring compared with that of the parent TAP owing to the cross-conjugated resonance structure. The optical properties of TAPs were significantly changed by N-oxidation: the N-oxides did not exhibit azaporphyrin-like but instead porphyrin-like optical properties, that is, weak Q absorption bands, strong Soret absorption bands, and weak fluorescence. These features can be explained by the near-degenerate frontier molecular orbitals resulting from N-oxide formation.<br /><br /> Singlet oxygen quantum yields were greatly increased to almost quantitative levels by N-oxidation. The N-oxides showed near-IR-responsive photoredox properties and were suitable as both oxidants and sensitizers for oxidation reactions. Protonation of the N-oxides restored TAP-like intense Q bands and red fluorescence, offering a potential design strategy for © 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Identification of Binding Modes for Amino Naphthalene 2-Cyanoacrylate (ANCA) Probes to Amyloid Fibrils from Molecular Dynamics Simulations.College of Chemistry Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, P. R.<br /><br /> [http://allinno.com/news/166.html Learn more] -cyanoacrylate (ANCA) probe is a kind of fluorescent amyloid binding probe that can report different fluorescence emissions when bound to various amyloid deposits in tissue, while their interactions with amyloid fibrils remain unclear due to the insoluble nature of amyloid fibrils. Here, all-atom molecular dynamics simulations were used to investigate the interaction between ANCA probes with three different amyloid fibrils. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoresist Seebio UV-Activated Acid Generator] of ANCA probes on Aβ40 amyloid fibrils were identified by cluster analysis of multiple simulations. The van der Waals and electrostatic interactions were found to be major driving forces for the binding. Atomic contacts analysis and binding free energy decomposition results suggested that the hydrophobic part of ANCA mainly interacts with aromatic side chains on the fibril surface and the hydrophilic part mainly interacts with positive charged residues in the β-sheet region. By comparing the binding modes with different fibrils, we can find that ANCA adopts different conformations while interacting with residues of different hydrophobicity, aromaticity, and electrochemical properties in the β-sheet region, which accounts for its selective mechanism Decomposition and humification of dissolved organic matter in swine manure Housefly larvae (Musca domestica) composting has been increasingly adopted as an efficient practice to achieve value-added swine manure bioconversion, but few researches have evaluated the features of compost maturity by examining the biochemical compositions of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in compost. Here, we adopted spectrum fingerprint technologies to explore the related transformation mechanisms of DOM in compost by conducting field investigations in a full-scale housefly larvae composting farm.<br /><br /> The 1-week composting with larvae significantly decreased DOM concentrations from 192 to 77 g kg(-1) The hydrolysis of proteins and lipids were enhanced during composting, as well as a build-up of aromatic substances, while contents of fulvic- and humic-like substances were augmented on Day 5 and Day 6 (ranged from 04 to 05 and 01 to 09 for Fmax, respectively). Compared with traditional composting without the aid of larvae, the stronger biodegradation of DOM and the subsequent formation of humus in compost, led to a higher level of aromaticity and humification under housefly larvae bioconversion, generating a more stable bio-product for downstream The geometry and electronic topology of higher-order charged Möbius annulenes.University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30605, USA.Higher-order aromatic charged Möbius-type annulenes have been L(k) realized computationally. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoacid 6-butyl-n-hydroxynaphthimide trifluoromethanesulfonic acid in Medicinal Chemistry] charged species are based on strips with more than one electronic half-twist, as defined by their linking numbers. The B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) optimized structures and properties of annulene rings with such multiple half-twists (C(12)H(12)(2+), C(12)H(12)(2-), C(14)H(14), C(18)H(18)(2+), C(18)H(18)(2-), C(21)H(21)(+), C(24)H(24)(2-), C(28)H(28)(2+), and C(28)H(28)(2-)) have the nearly equal C-C bond lengths, small dihedral angles around the circuits, stabilization energies, and nucleus-independent chemical shift values associated with aromaticity. The topology and nature of Möbius annulene systems are analyzed in terms of the torus curves defined by electron density functions (rho(r)(pi), ELF(pi)) constructed using only the occupied pi-MOs.