Analysis-Structures-Genes-Surface-Polysaccharides-Sheds-Biosynthesis-Glycans-h

Dong A(#)(1), Liu C(#)(2)(3), Hua X(2)(4)(5), Yu Y(2)(4)(5), Guo Y(1), Wang Biotechnology, No. , Dongda Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 71, University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China. Biotechnology, No. , Dongda Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 71, Biotechnology, No.

, Dongda Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 71, BACKGROUND Surface polysaccharides (SPs), such as lipopolysaccharide (O antigen) and capsular polysaccharide (K antigen), play a key role in the pathogenicity of Escherichia coli (E. coli). Gene cluster for polysaccharide antigen biosynthesis encodes various glycosyltransferases (GTs), which drive the process of SP synthesis and determine the serotype.RESULTS In this study, a total of 7,741 E. coli genomic sequences were chosen for systemic data mining. The monosaccharides in both O and K antigens were dominated by D-hexopyranose, and the SPs in -% of the strains consisted of only the five most common hexoses (or some of them). The linkages between the two monosaccharides were mostly α-1,3 (235%) and β-1,3 (9%) bonds.

Uridine diphosphate activated more than % of monosaccharides for glycosyltransferase reactions. These results suggest that the most common pathways could be integrated into chassis cells to promote glycan biosynthesis. We constructed a database (EcoSP, httpecosp.dmicrobe.cn ) for browse this information, such as monosaccharide synthesis pathways. It can also be used for serotype analysis and GT annotation of known or novel E. coli sequences, thus facilitating the CONCLUSIONS Summarizing and analyzing the properties of these polysaccharide antigens and GTs are of great significance for designing glycan-based vaccines Conflict of interest statement The authors declare no competing interests.

The aqueous solution structure of the tetrasaccharide-ribitol repeat-unit from the lipoteichoic acid of Streptococcus pneumoniae strain R6 determined using a combination of NMR spectroscopy and computer calculations.High-resolution 1D- and 2D-correlation 1H NMR and 13C NMR, at 0 and 125 MHz, respectively, permitted assignment of the majority of the resonances in the per-N-acetylated, phosphorylated tetrasaccharide-ribitol repeat-unit, and in the complete polymer (n = 5 - 7) containing between five and seven repeating units attached to the deacylated lipid anchor, for the lipoteichoic acid from Streptococcus pneumoniae strain R6; the 31P resonances were also assigned. Comparison of the 31P spectra obtained for the per-N-acetylated oligosaccharide and for the oligosaccharide having the AATG 4-NH2 group still free, indicate a conformational difference brought about by interaction between the amino group An improved affinity support and immunoadsorbent with a synthetic blood group oligosaccharide and polymer coating for hemoperfusion.An improved affinity support and an immunoadsorbent suitable for extracorporeal perfusion of whole blood (or plasma) are reported. The affinity support consists of calcined diatomite-type silica particles to which a synthetic oligosaccharide hapten, viz. A-trisaccharide representing human blood group A, with a linking spacer-arm is chemically attached. Oligosaccharides obtained is surface-modified with a polymer coating.

The modified immunoadsorbent is not hemolytic and shows no loss of biological activity in reducing antibody titers in vitro. An important feature of the improved immunoadsorbent is that the polymer coating provides a better surface resistance and therefore stability to the affinity support to prevent the release of potentially harmful fines. lacto-n-neotetraose of a physically stable support as an affinity adsorbent for the selective removal of specific antibodies or unwanted substances directly from the blood circulation by extracorporeal immunoadsorption has profound medical significance because this would provide an efficient but safe and practical alternative to therapeutic intervention using plasma exchange or plasma perfusion, both of which require plasmapheresis.The capacity of short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides to stimulate faecal bifidobacteria a dose-response relationship study in healthy humans.BACKGROUND Short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scFOS) are well-known for their bifidogenicity. In a large study comprising 0 healthy volunteers, we determined the bifidogenic properties of 7 non-digestible carbohydrates administered at a dose of gd in the diet; we analysed dose-response relationships of the bifidogenic substrates at doses ranging from 2 to gd in comparison with a placebo.