Elimination-Diets-Lactation-t

Partially and extensively hydrolyzed human milk oligosaccharides may confer a small preventive effect in high-risk infants. Amino acid-based formula is, however, considered a treatment formula and not recommended for primary allergy prevention. The effect of prebiotic oligosaccharides and probiotic bacteria in prevention of food allergy remains unclear and requires further investigation. Maternal fish oil supplementation during pregnancy shows promise in reducing the risk of allergic sensitization in the infant, but prospective long-term data are required. Fish oil supplementation in young infants was not effective.SUMMARY Although there is evidence for the primary dietary prevention of eczema and possible respiratory allergies, data on food allergy prevention have, so far, remained less convincing.

Further prospective research is needed to clarify the effectiveness of dietary interventions in primary food allergy prevention.Association of Dietary Sugars and Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake with Obesity Few studies have examined the association between dietary sugar intake and obesity in Asian children and adolescents. We evaluated the association of dietary sugar intake and its food source with obesity in Korean children and adolescents. In this cross-sectional analysis, data were obtained from five studies conducted between 02 and 11. The study included 2599 children and adolescents who had completed more than three days of dietary records and had anthropometric data. Total sugar intake was higher in girls than in boys (54 g for girls and 46 g for boys, p 1). Sugar intake from milk and fruits was inversely associated with overweight or obesity in girls only (OR for overweight,2; 95% CI,24; p for trend =246 and OR for obesity,2; 95% CI,39; p for trend =113).

Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption was not associated with obesity in girls, while boys had lower odds ratios for obesity (OR for obesity,2; 95% CI,6-15; p for trend =3). These results suggest that total sugars and SSB intake in Asian children and adolescents remains relatively low and sugar intake from milk and fruits is associated with a decreased risk of overweight or obesity, especially Interaction of meningococcal group B monoclonal antibody and its Fab fragment with alpha 2-8-linked sialic acid polymers requirement of a long Mouse monoclonal IgG2a antibody (735D4) and other antibodies to the capsular polysaccharide of group B meningococci have been shown to require an unusually long segment of the alpha 2-8-linked N-acetylneuraminic acid polymer for binding. This property may be due to a conformational nature of the polysaccharide epitope recognized, or alternatively due to the requirement of bivalent binding of the antibody to the polysaccharide. In order to study the binding requirements, Fab fragments were prepared from the monoclonal antibody and their binding to alpha 2-8-linked sialic acid polymers of different lengths was studied. Fucosylated oligosaccharides and its Fab fragment bound to sialic acid poly- and oligomers to similar extents, the critical chain length being about sialyl units for both molecules. This excluded bivalency as the explanation for the requirement of a long oligosaccharide segment for binding. Although the binding was enhanced with increasing chain length, the first monosaccharides were calculated to contribute to more than % of the total binding energy.

This is in agreement with an oligosaccharide segment with defined conformational epitope binding to the antibody combining site. The antibody preparations also bound polysialic acid containing glycopeptides isolated from developing human and rat brain, suggesting, in quantitative binding assay, an average chain length of or more sialic acid residues. The interaction of the antibody with both the bacterial and the tissue derived polysialic acids suggests that the conformational epitope critical for the interaction is formed by both classes of Late onset necrotizing enterocolitis in infants following use of a xanthan Adverse event reports submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration suggested a possible association between necrotizing enterocolitis and ingestion of a commercial feed thickener by premature infants. Review in 11 of 22 cases with exposure revealed a distinct illness pattern.Tailoring Human Milk Oligosaccharides to Prevent Necrotising Enterocolitis Among Abbas S(1), Keir AK(1)(2)(3)(4), Makrides M(2)(4), Klein LD(5), Grzeskowiak Necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating disease affecting preterm infants, with little improvement in mortality rates and treatment strategies in the last years. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are emerging as a potential preventive therapy, with multiple protective functions postulated.