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necator: the beta-ketoadipate pathway, with its catechol, chlorocatechol, methylcatechol and protocatechuate ortho ring-cleavage branches; the (methyl)catechol meta ring-cleavage pathway; the gentisate pathway; the homogentisate pathway; the 2,3-dihydroxyphenylpropionate pathway; the (chloro)hydroxyquinol pathway; the (amino)hydroquinone pathway; the phenylacetyl-CoA pathway; the 2-aminobenzoyl-CoA pathway; the benzoyl-CoA pathway and the 3-hydroxyanthranilate pathway. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoacid Seebio Photosensitizer for Acid Formation] of peripheral reactions channel substituted aromatics into these ring cleavage pathways. Gene redundancy seems to play a significant role in the catabolic potential of this bacterium. The literature on the biochemistry and genetics of aromatic compounds degradation is reviewed based on the genomic data. The findings on aromatic compounds biodegradation in C. necator reviewed here can easily be extrapolated to other environmentally relevant bacteria, whose genomes also possess a significant The Aromatic Character of Diindeno[2,1-b:2',1'-h]biphenylene.<br /><br />The tropicity of the title system was studied using NICS(1)π,zz-XY-scans and current density analysis, showing a global diatropic loop and local dia- and paratropic loops. This aromaticity picture is very different from the one predicted that 1 should be suitable for singlet fission applications. It is concluded that local aromatic indices should not be used for the full analysis Open-shell spherical aromaticity: the 2N2 + 2N + 1 (with S = N + ½) rule.Girona, Campus de Montilivi, 17071 Girona, SpainN Baird's rule represented the extension of Hückel's 4N + 2 rule to triplet aromatic species to open-shell spherical compounds and we provide evidence that those spherical species having a same-spin half-filled last energy level with electrons and S = N + ½, are aromatic.This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2011Bond energy, aromatic stabilization energy and strain in IPR fullerenes.Various models applied to DFT structures and energies of 2-D and 3-D aromatic molecules shed new light on the effects of strain and aromaticity in these systems. The cyclic pi electron delocalisation does not stabilize the fullerene C60 formation; and 5-6 and 6-6 CC bonds have near-identical bond stretch 10002/1521-3773(20010817)40:16&lt;2989::AID-ANIE2989&gt;3.<br /><br />CO;2-0.The Remarkable Stable Emerald Green C60 F15 [CBr(CO2 Et)2 ]3 : The First [60]Fullerene That Is also the First [18]Trannulene.Brighton BN1 9QJ, UK, Fax: (+44) 1273-677-196.It is both an [18]trannulene and a [60]fullerene. It is aromatic and a hexa-substituted benzene. It is formed by the first proven example of an SN 2' reaction in a fullerene. It is intensely colored and stable.<br /><br /> It is C60 F15 [CBr(CO2 Et)2 ]3 , the first example of a new class of fullerene derivatives Yeast gain-of-function mutations reveal structure-function relationships conserved among different subfamilies of transient receptor potential channels.Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels found in animals, protists, and fungi are primary chemo-, thermo-, or mechanosensors. Current research emphasizes the characteristics of individual channels in each animal TRP subfamily but not the mechanisms common across subfamilies. A forward genetic screen of the TrpY1, the yeast TRP channel, recovered gain-of-function (GOF) mutations with phenotype in vivo and in vitro. Single-channel patch-clamp analyses of these GOF-mutant channels show prominent aberrations in open probability and channel kinetics. [http://allinno.com/news/166.html Seebio Photoresponsive Acid Precursor] revealed functionally important aromatic amino acid residues in four locations: at the intracellular end of the fifth transmembrane helix (TM5), at both ends of TM6, and at the immediate extension of TM6. These aromatics have counterparts in most TRP subfamilies.<br /><br /> The one in TM5 (F380L) aligns precisely with an exceptional Drosophila mutant allele (F550I) that causes constitutive activity in the canonical TRP channel, resulting in rapid and severe retinal degeneration beyond mere loss of phototaxis. Thus, this phenylalanine maintains the balance of various functional states (conformations) of a channel for insect phototransduction as well as one for fungal mechanotransduction. This residue is among a small cluster of phenylalanines found in all known subfamilies of TRP channels. This unique case illustrates that GOF mutations can reveal structure-function principles that can be generalized across different TRP subfamilies. It appears that the conserved aromatics in the four locations have conserved functions in most TRP channels. The possible mechanistic roles of these aromatics and the further use of yeast genetics to dissect TRP channels Isolation of planar four-membered aromatic systems by using confined spaces of cobalt pentaaryl[60]fullerene complexes.As a new class of neutral closed-shell aromatic four-membered ring systems, pentaaryl[60]fullerene.<br /><br /> X-ray crystallographic analysis of calculations suggested an aromatic 6π-electron system. Steric protection by the pentaaryl[60]fullerene ligand is critical for isolation and characterization of demonstrated by disruption of 6π-conjugation with abstraction of the sulfur insight into the aromaticity of four-membered ring systems and advances the understanding of aromatic organometallic compounds.