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Simultaneous blood samples were then obtained from the aorta and the hepatic vein after 90 and 120 min of infusion. The samples were analyzed for radioactivity after multiple chromatographic purification steps. The MCRs, overall aromatization (fraction of androgen infused measured as estrogen in arterial blood), splanchnic extractions, and splanchnic aromatization (fraction of androgen entering the splanchnic tissue which leaves as estrogen) were determined. The mean values for MCRs of androgens and estrogens and overall aromatization for androstenedione and testosterone were similar to those reported previously. The splanchnic extraction values of androstenedione, testosterone, estrone, and estradiol were 07 +/- 00 (+/- SE), 09 +/- 02, 00 +/- 09, and 04 +/- 08, respectively. The mean splanchnic aromatization of androstenedione to estrone was 00086 +/- 00072, and the mean splanchnic aromatization of testosterone to estradiol was 00059 +/- 00020.

If Seebio salcaprozate assumes that the splanchnic bed receives 20% of the cardiac output, then the splanchnic bed is responsible for less than 4% of the overall peripheral aromatization of androstenedione or testosterone.Adaptive σ aromaticity in the rhenacyclopropene rings.Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Species generally exhibit one-state aromaticity either in the lowest singlet state (S0 ) or the lowest triplet state (T1 ) according to the Hückel's and Baird's rules. Hence, it is rare for species exhibit two-state aromaticity in both the S0 and T1 states (termed as adaptive aromaticity), let alone adaptive σ aromaticity. Here, we report adaptive σ aromaticity in unsaturated rhenacyclopropene rings via density functional theory (DFT) calculations. snac permeation enhancer including NICS, ACID, EDDB together with isodesmic reactions support the adaptive σ aromaticity in these rhenacyclopropene rings. As the T1 state of these species is formed by the ππ* excitation, the σ-aromaticity of these three-membered rings in the S0 state could hold in the T1 state.

In addition, the aromaticity effect of the fused rings is also examined. Our findings expand the family of adaptive σ aromaticity, enriching the 10002/(sici)1098-2744(199911)26:3<163::aid-mc5>3.co;2-d.Allele-specific losses of heterozygosity on chromosomes 1 and 17 revealed by whole genome scan of ethylnitrosourea-induced BDIX x BDIV hybrid rat gliomas.School and West German Cancer Center Essen, Essen, Germany.The induction of neural tumors by N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (EtNU) in inbred strains of rats has evolved as a valuable model system of developmental stage- and cell type-dependent oncogenesis. Tumor yield and latency times are strongly influenced by genetic background.

Compared with BDIX rats, BDIV rats are relatively resistant to the induction of brain tumors by EtNU, with a lower tumor incidence and latency periods prolonged by a factor of 3. To characterize genetic abnormalities associated with impaired tumor suppressor gene function in neuro-oncogenesis, losses of heterozygosity (LOHs) and microsatellite instability (MI) were investigated in brain tumors induced by EtNU in (BDIV x polymorphic microsatellite markers spanning the entire rat genome. The tumors displayed different histologies and grades of malignancy, corresponding to part of the spectrum of human gliomas. MI was not observed in any of the tumors. LOH of rat chromosome 1q was predominantly detected in oligodendrogliomas and mixed gliomas, with a 30% incidence in informative cases. 11p15, the human genome region syntenic to the consensus region of LOHs observed on rat chromosome 1, has been shown to be involved in the formation of gliomas in humans. Furthermore, rat brain tumors of different histologies often showed allelic imbalances on chromosome 17p.

In both cases of LOH, there was a clear bias in favor of the parental BDIV allele, suggesting the involvement of tumor suppressor genes functionally polymorphic between the two rat strains.Glove permeation by semiconductor processing mixtures containing glycol-ether and Industrial Health, Ann Arbor 48109-2029.Results of permeation tests of several glove materials challenged with semiconductor processing formulations containing glycolether derivatives are described. Commercial glove samples of nitrile rubber (Edmont), natural rubber (Edmont and Baxter), butyl rubber (North), PVC Baxter), a natural rubber/neoprene/nitrile blend (Pioneer), and a natural rubber/neoprene blend (Playtex) were tested according to the ASTM F739-85 permeation test method (open-loop configuration). The liquid formulations examined included a positive photoresist thinner containing 2-ethoxyethyl acetate (2-EEA), n-butyl acetate, and xylene; a positive photoresist containing 2-EEA, n-butyl acetate, xylene, polymer resins, and photoactive compounds; a negative photoresist containing 2-methoxyethanol (2-ME), xylene, and cyclized poly(isoprene); and pure 2-methoxyethyl acetate (2-MEA), which is the solvent used in a commercial electron-beam resist. With the exception of the negative photoresist, butyl rubber provided the highest level of protection against the solvent mixtures tested, with no breakthrough observed after 4 hr of continuous exposure at 25 degrees C.