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This review discusses our current knowledge of the structure and assembly of the Spatial and temporal collagen gene expression in lumbar intertransverse fusion We have examined the process of fusion of the intertransverse processes and bone graft in the rabbit by in situ hybridisation and evaluated the spatial and temporal expression of genes encoding pro-alpha1 (I) collagen (COL1A1), pro-alpha1 (II) collagen (COL2A1) and pro-alphal (X) collagen (COL10A1). Beginning at two weeks after operation, osteogenesis and chondrogenesis occurred around the transverse process and the grafted bone at the central portion of the area of the fusion mass. Osteoblasts and osteocytes at the newly-formed woven bone expressed COL1A1. At the cartilage, most chondrocytes expressed COL2A1 and some hypertrophic chondrocytes COL10A1. In some regions, co-expression of COL1A1 and COL2A1 was observed. At four weeks, such expressions for COLlA1, COL2A1 and COL10A1 became prominent at the area of the fusion mass.<br /><br /> From four to six weeks, bone remodelling progressed from the area of the transverse processes towards the central zone. Osteoblasts lining the trabeculae expressed a strong signal for COL1A1. At the central portion of the area of the fusion mass, endochondral ossification progressed and chondrocytes expressed COL2A1 and COL10A1. Our findings show that the fusion process begins with the synthesis of collagens around the transverse processes and around the grafted bone independently. Various spatial and temporal osteogenic and chondrogenic responses, including intramembranous, endochondral and transchondroid bone formation, progress after bone grafting at the intertransverse processes. Bone formation through cartilage may play an important role in posterolateral spinal fusion.Pemphigoid nodularis: a case with 230 kDa hemidesmosomes antigen associated with We report a 73-year-old woman with typical clinical, histological and immunofluorescence features of pemphigoid nodularis.<br /><br /> Direct immunofluorescence studies of prurigo nodularis-like lesions and peribullous skin showed the linear deposition of IgG and C3 at the basement membrane zone. Circulating IgG against the basement membrane was also detected by indirect immunofluorescence. The serum from the patient was shown to contain the autoantibody against 230 kDa hemidesmosomal antigen associated with bullous pemphigoid antigen.[Collagen. IV. Evaluation of the collagenase activity of perfringens toxin].GUILLAUMIE M, MRCHEVITCH S, DELAUNAY M, BECOULET G.<br /><br />Bullous pemphigoid of childhood: immunofluorescent investigation.Tamaki K, Igarashi A, Nakamura K, Nashiro K, Okochi H, Seki Y, Tsuchida T.5101. Med Clin (Barc). 1997 May 24;108(20):791-6.[Collagenous and lymphocytic colitis].Increased type III/I collagen and alpha 1(I)/alpha 2(I) chain in a The type ratio of collagen III/I and molecule ratio of alpha 1(I)/alpha 2(I) were analysed in lungs from five infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and seven control infants.<br /><br /> All five BPD lungs showed typical characteristics, with pulmonary fibrosis and irregular cystic formation at postmortem examination. [http://www.allinno.com/product/beauty/694.html squalane oil benefits] followed by interrupted gel electrophoresis was performed for the determination and molecular analysis of collagens III and I. The ratio of collagen types III and I were significantly increased in BPD lung (P &lt; 005). The ratio of alpha 1(I) and alpha 2(I) were also significantly increased in BPD lung (P &lt; 05). It is likely that collagen III is predominantly increased and that the alpha 1(I) trimer is formed in the Constituents of connective tissue around the capillary of chick pecten oculi.The constituents of the connective tissues around the capillary of the chick pecten oculi were examined electron microscopically by HCl-collagenase and HCl-elastase methods. The basal lamina like membrane below the endothelial cell of the pecten capillary was digested by collagenases I, II and IV and elastase, and may be a false basal lamina.<br /><br /> The basal lamina of cells with pigment granules which surround the capillary was digested by collagenase IV and elastase, and contained type IV collagen. Fibrils between the basal lamina like membrane of the pecten capillary endothelium and the basal lamina of the cells with pigment granules were digested by collagenases I, II and IV, and elastase. Thus, these fibrils are composed of many kinds of collagen. Elastase may be responsible for the breakdown of most collagens as well as elastin.Changes in collagen with age. I. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squalene ordinary squalane cleanser] of acid soluble collagens from Maekawa T, Rathinasamy TK, Altman KI, Forbes WF.<br /><br />Distribution and expression of type VI collagen in photoaged skin.BACKGROUND: Several of the characteristic clinical features of photoaged skin, including wrinkling, are thought to be dependent on changes in the dermal matrix brought about by chronic sun exposure. Such changes include reductions in collagens I, III and VII, an increase in elastotic material in the reticular dermis and a marked reduction in the microfibrillar glycoprotein fibrillin.