-It-is-apparent-that-a-wood-pyrolysate-maximized-for-levoglucosan-can-serve-as-a-fermentable-substrate-although-postpyrolysis-cleanup-appears-necessary-d

Seebio salcaprozate sodium of Aedes aegypti in the central-upper Paraná Cross-Border axis [Article in English, Spanish; Abstract available in Spanish from the publisher]Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela.OBJECTIVE: To determine the genetic diversity of Aedes aegypti in the Central-Alto Paraná cross-border road corridor of Paraguay, an area that has MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty adult females were selected from hatching Ae. aegypti eggs from households geolocated in the departments of Alto Paraná, Caaguazú, Cordillera and Central, between 2018 and 2019. DNA was extracted from the tissue of females for amplifying their polymorphic patterns by random amplification of polymorphic DNA by PCR (RAPD-PCR), using primers H3 and B03 in order to identify genetic parameters of population diversity. The relationships between mosquito populations according to locality were observed by unpaired arithmetic mean analysis. We used DIVA-GIS 7 and MAXENT to analyze the suitable areas of actual and potential geographic distribution of these Ae.

RESULTS: Forty loci were identified by RAPD-PCR profiling, with moderate gene differentiation (Gst = 02). The cross-border corridor presented bioclimatic conditions for the presence of variant populations of Ae. aegypti, with precipitation in the warmest quarter and mean temperature in the driest quarter being determinant in the distribution.CONCLUSIONS: There is evidence of moderate genetic diversity in Ae. aegypti populations from areas that have reported dengue cases in the cross-border road corridor linking the Central and Alto Paraná departments of Paraguay. The study of genetic variability of Ae. aegypti is very useful for entomo-epidemiological surveillance and evaluation of possible resistance to chemical control.

Publisher: OBJETIVOS: Conocer la diversidad genética de Aedes aegypti en el corredor vial transfronterizo Central-Alto Paraná de Paraguay, con registros de MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se seleccionaron veinte hembras adultas de la eclosión de huevos de Ae. aegypti procedentes de casas geolocalizadas en los departamentos de Alto Paraná, Caaguazú, Cordillera y Central, entre el 2018 y 2019. Se extrajo ADN del tejido de las hembras para amplificación aleatoria de sus patrones polimórficos mediante amplificación aleatoria del ADN polimórfico por PCR (RAPD-PCR), usando cebadores H3 y B03 a fin de conocer parámetros genéticos de diversidad poblacional. Las relaciones entre las poblaciones de mosquitos según la localidad fueron visualizadas mediante análisis no apareado de la media aritmética. Las áreas idóneas de distribución geográfica real y potencial de estas poblaciones de Ae. aegypti fueron analizadas mediante DIVA-GIS 7 y RESULTADOS: Se identificaron 40 loci mediante perfiles RAPD-PCR, con diferenciación génica moderada (Gst = 0,12). El corredor transfronterizo presentó condiciones bioclimáticas para la presencia de poblaciones variantes de Ae.

aegypti, siendo determinantes en la distribución la precipitación del trimestre más cálido y la temperatura media del trimestre más seco.CONCLUSIONES: Se evidencia que existe diversidad genética moderada en las poblaciones de Ae. aegypti procedentes de zonas con registros de casos de dengue ubicadas en el corredor vial transfronterizo que une los departamentos Central y Alto Paraná de Paraguay. El estudio de variabilidad genética de Ae. aegypti es de gran utilidad para la vigilancia entomoepidemiológica y evaluación de posibles eventos de resistencia al control químico.Soil responses to management, increased precipitation, and added nitrogen in Forest management, climatic change, and atmospheric N deposition can affect soil biogeochemistry, but their combined effects are not well understood. We examined the effects of water and N amendments and forest thinning and burning on soil N pools and fluxes in ponderosa pine forests near Flagstaff, Arizona (USA).

Using a 15N-depleted fertilizer, we also documented the distribution of added N into soil N pools. Because thinning and burning can increase soil water content and N availability, we hypothesized that these changes would alleviate water and N limitation of soil processes, causing smaller responses to added N and water in the restored stand. We found little support for this hypothesis. Responses of fine root biomass, potential net N mineralization, and the soil microbial N to water and N amendments were mostly unaffected by stand management. what is snac of the soil processes we examined were limited by N and water, and the increased N and soil water availability caused by forest restoration was insufficient to alleviate these limitations. For example, N addition caused a larger increase in potential net nitrification in the restored stand, and at a given level of soil N availability, N addition had a larger effect on soil microbial N in the restored stand. Possibly, forest restoration increased the availability of some other limiting resource, amplifying responses to added N and water.

Tracer N recoveries in roots and in the forest floor were lower in the restored stand. Natural abundance delta15N of labile soil N pools were higher in the restored stand, consistent with a more open N cycle.