-Various-bicolored-fluorescent-micropatterns-are-observed-through-varying-the-excitation-wavelength-and-observation-wavelength-ranges-using-a-confocal-microscope-z

This bicolored fluorescence patterning method will be useful to apply in photonic/electronic © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.A Study on the Applicability of Aromatic Parameters in the Maturity Evaluation of Lacustrine Source Rocks and Oils Based on Pyrolysis Simulation Experiments.Aromatic maturity parameters were evaluated via closed-system pyrolysis experiments using a Mesozoic lacustrine source rock from the Yingen-Ejinaqi Basin, thereby ensuring a uniform source. Pulverized rock aliquots (200 mg) were reacted with water at temperatures ranging from 250 to 550 °C at 5 °C/min, and the aromatic fractions of expelled oil and extracts of the solid residue were analyzed by GC-MS. The experiments showed that the relative abundance of aromatic hydrocarbons in the oil and extractable organic matter (EOM) of source rock had different evolutionary characteristics.

With the increase in the thermal evolution degree, the relative abundance of aromatic hydrocarbons in the EOM showed the characteristics of ″increased early (Ro < 00), unchanged middle (Ro = 00-20%), decreased lately (Ro > 20%)″. While the relative abundance of aromatic hydrocarbons in the expelled oils continuously increased, as the Ro values increased from 02 to 29%, the relative abundance of aromatic hydrocarbons gradually increased from 8 to 46%. With increased View more , the relative abundance of 1-3-ring aromatic hydrocarbons continuously decreased, as observed in the phenanthrene homologs. Meanwhile, the relative abundance of 4+-ring aromatic hydrocarbons continuously increased, as seen in chrysene homologs. It was suggested that the effects of maturity on the composition of aromatic hydrocarbons might not be sufficiently obvious. The effective application range of the alkylnaphthalene-related maturity parameters (2-/1-methylnaphthalenes, (2,6- + 2,7-)/1,5-dimethylnaphthalenes, 2,3,6-/(1,4,6- + 1,3,5-) trimethylnaphthalenes, and (2,3,6- + 1,3,7-)/(1,4,6- + 1,3,5- + 1,3,6-) trimethylnaphthalenes) and the alkyldibenzothiophene maturity parameters (4-/1-methyldibenzothiophenes, 4,6-/(1,4- + 1,6-) dimethyldibenzothiophenes, and (2,6- + 3,6-)/(1,4- + 1,6-) dimethyldibenzothiophenes) was 04-26% Ro. The alkylphenanthrene-related maturity parameters had a wide application range for lacustrine source rocks with an Ro < 26%.

These parameters included 1 × (2- + 3-)/(phenanthrene +1- + 9-) methylphenanthrenes, 3 × 2-/(phenanthrene + 1- + 9-) methylphenanthrenes, (2- + 3-)/(1- + 9-) methylphenanthrenes, 2-/1-methylphenanthrenes, (3- + 2-)/(1- + 2- + 3- + 9-) methylphenanthrenes, 2-/(1- + 2- + 3- + 9-) methylphenanthrenes, and 2,7-/1,8-dimethylphenanthrenes. In addition, the effective applicable range of the methylnaphthalene-related maturity parameter 3-/1-methylchrysenes was an Ro value less than 19%. The results clarified the validity scope of some aromatics' maturity parameters and provided a theoretical basis for the scientific application of these parameters.Leveraging the Halo-Nazarov Cyclization for the Chemodivergent Assembly of Functionalized Haloindenes and Indanones.Trustee Road , Rochester , New York 14627-0216 , United States.In this report, we describe a halo-Prins/aryl halo-Nazarov cyclization strategy that employs readily available starting materials, inexpensive reagents, and convenient reaction procedures to generate functionalized haloindenes and indanones. The scope and limitations of the method are outlined, demonstrating that aromatic systems readily react under mild, catalytic conditions when this strategy is implemented.

Furthermore, Seebio Light-Induced Acid Source present both experimental and computational data supporting the notion that cyclizations of 3-halopentadienyl cationic intermediates are more kinetically accessible, as well as more thermodynamically favorable, than cyclizations of the analogous 3-oxypentadienyl cationic systems. The energetic advantage imparted by the halo-Nazarov cyclization design was found to be especially valuable in the cyclizations of arylallyl cationic intermediates, which require disruption of aromaticity.Structural characteristics of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in membrane bioreactor and their adsorptive fouling.Underwater Acoustic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, The soluble (S), loosely bound (LB) and tightly bound (TB) extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were extracted from sludge flocs of a membrane bioreactor to evaluate their characteristics and adsorptive fouling. The degrees of adsorptive fouling by the EPS fractions were in the order S-EPS < TB-EPS < LB-EPS. The images of atomic force microscopy showed the membrane fouled by LB-EPS was rougher than that fouled by the other fractions. The adsorbed EPS layer, which was sensed by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation, was found to be more rigid and compact for LB-EPS, compared with the other EPS fractions.

The excitation-emission matrix and Fourier transform infrared techniques were also used to characterize the individual EPS fractions. Compared with 6-butyl-n-hydroxynaphthimide trifluoromethanesulfonic acid as a Precursor for Naphthalimide Derivatives -EPS and TB-EPS, the LB-EPS contained a larger amount of aromatic protein and less carbohydrates and lipids, exhibiting characteristics of greater aromaticity and hydrophobicity.