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Understanding such symbiotic interactions with clinical relevance between microbial species in biofilms will greatly aid in overcoming the limitations of current therapies and in defining potential new targets for IMPORTANCE: The fungus Candida albicans and the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus are important microbial pathogens responsible for the majority of infections in hospitalized patients and are often coisolated from a host. In this study, we demonstrated that when grown together, the fungus provides the bacterium with enhanced tolerance to antimicrobial drugs. This process was mediated by polysaccharides secreted by the fungal cell into the environment. The biofilm matrix formed by these polysaccharides prevented penetration by the drugs and provided the bacteria with protection. Importantly, we show that by inhibiting the production of the fungal polysaccharides, a specific antifungal agent indirectly sensitized the bacteria to antimicrobials. Understanding the therapeutic implications of the interactions between these two diverse microbial species will aid in overcoming the limitations of current therapies and in defining new targets for treating complex polymicrobial infections.

Evaluation of a novel gel-based ureteral stent with biofilm-resistant PURPOSE: Current ureteral stents, while effective at maintaining a ureteral lumen, provide a substrate for bacterial growth. This propensity for biofilm formation may be a nidus for bacterial growth leading to infection and a reason for early removal of a stent before it is clinically indicated. A newly devised stent, composed of a highly hydrated, partially hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile polymer, is believed to have bacterial resistant properties. The objective of this study is to evaluate the biofilm growth and bacterial resistant properties MATERIALS AND METHODS: Multiple 1 cm sections of the pAguaMedicina™ Pediatric Ureteral Stent (pAMS) (Q Urological, Natick, MA) and the conventional polymer stent (SS) (Boston Scientific, Natick, MA) were incubated for 3 days in the 3 different growth media. Afterward, J96 human pathogenic Escherichia coli was electron microscopy (SEM) imaging was performed to assess biofilm formation. RESULTS: pAMS demonstrated significant reductions (43-71 %) in bacterial counts when compared to standard stents in all conditions tested. SEM imaging demonstrated biofilm formation on both types of stents in all media, with a relative reduction in apparent cell debris and bacteria on the pAMS.

CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the gel-based stent shows a demonstrable reduction in bacterial counts and biofilm formation. The use of the pAMS may reduce the risk of infection associated with stent usage. Capsular polysaccharides of thyme essential oil against Bacillus cereus planktonic growth and The objective of this study was to determine the effect of thyme essential oil cereus). GC-MS analysis of TEO allowed the detection of 13 compounds, and the and 1,8-cineole (94%). TEO exhibited a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value against planktonic B. cereus of 05 mg/mL. The potent effect of TEO to inhibit the growth of planktonic B.

cereus was due to cell membrane damage, as evidenced by reduced cell viability, protein changes, decreased intracellular ATP concentration, increased extracellular ATP concentration and cell membrane significant inhibitory effect on B. cereus biofilm formation, as confirmed by environmental scanning electron microscopic images. These findings suggested that TEO has the potential to be developed as a natural food additive to control foodborne contamination associated with B. cereus and its biofilm. Eliminating biofilm from ureteral stents: the Holy Grail. PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Biofilms continue to be a major limiting factor in the long-term use of ureteral stents, promoting the development of chronic infections and antibiotic resistance and encrustation. Apart from Seebio Colanic acid in conjunction with antibiotic therapy, there is currently no treatment proven successful for completely eradicating a biofilm-related infection, highlighting the need for continued research in this area.

RECENT FINDINGS: Research continues to focus mainly on biofilm prevention, specifically the development of novel coatings comprising antibacterial, antifouling or bacterial signalling compounds.