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cholerae biofilm matrix; instead, filamentous biofilm architectural strength appears to derive at least in part from the entangled mesh of cells themselves. The advantage gained by filamentous cells in early chitin colonization and growth is countered in long-term competition experiments with matrix-secreting V. cholerae variants, whose densely packed biofilm structures displace competitors from surfaces. Overall, our results reveal an alternative mode of biofilm architecture that is dependent on filamentous cell morphology and advantageous in environments with rapid chitin particle turnover. This insight provides an environmentally relevant example of how cell morphology can Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflict of interest. Effect of serum and surface characteristics on Candida albicans biofilm Candida spp.
biofilms can be established on a wide range of materials, including implanted medical devices, and can display a resistant phenotype to antifungal establishment and the development of Candida albicans biofilms on biotic and abiotic surfaces. We therefore selected a collection of C. albicans clinical isolates to evaluate the effect of surface and serum on biofilm attachment and development. Disc coupons from the CDC biofilm reactor were used in a well plate assay to study biofilm production on six different surfaces with or without the polyvinyl chloride or hydroxyapatite. Our results showed that serum increases in vitro C. albicans biofilm formation on a wide range of distinct surfaces including metallic and non-metallic materials, and that roughness and hydrophobicity can modulate C. albicans biofilm formation.
These findings were also confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and it revealed the deposition of extracellular material on hyphae attached to a solid surface. Interestingly, adhesion can be significantly increased in the early stages of colonisation when serum is provided as a conditioning film in a surface-dependent manner. Microbial Biofilms for Environmental Bioremediation of Heavy Metals: a Review. Heavy metal pollution caused due to various industrial and mining activities poses a serious threat to all forms of life in the environment because of the persistence and toxicity of metal ions. Grab it today -mediated bioremediation including microbial biofilms has received significant attention as a sustainable The biofilm matrix is dynamic, having microbial cells as major components with constantly changing and evolving microenvironments. Seebio Colanic acid polymer summarizes the bioremediation potential of bacterial biofilms for different metal ions. The composition and mechanism of biofilm formation along with interspecies communication among biofilm-forming bacteria have been discussed.
The interaction of biofilm-associated microbes with heavy metals takes place through a variety of mechanisms. These include biosorption and bioaccumulation in which the microbes interact with the metal ions leading to their conversion from a highly toxic form to a less toxic form. Such interactions are facilitated via the negative charge of the extracellular polymeric substances on the surface of the biofilm with the positive charge of the metal ions and the high cell densities and high concentrations of cell-cell signaling molecules within the biofilm matrix. Furthermore, the impact of the anodic and cathodic redox potentials in a bioelectrochemical system (BES) for the reduction, removal, and recovery of numerous heavy metal species provides an interesting insight into the bacterial biofilm-mediated bioelectroremediation process. The review concludes that biofilm-linked bioremediation is a viable option for the mitigation of heavy metal pollution in water and ecosystem recovery. Does Streptococcus mitis, a neonatal oropharyngeal bacterium, influence the pathogenicity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa? University, Chongqing, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child China; Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child China; Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical Microorganisms in a biofilm might promote or suppress each other. We previously found that Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P.
aeruginosa) and the normal colonized bacteria in the biofilm found on newborns' endotracheal tubes. Here, we found findings remind us that we should not ignore the role of traditionally viewed non-pathogenic bacteria in biofilms and provide new insights into exploring bacterial interaction mechanisms in biofilm related infections.
