Changes-Protection-Bifidobacterium-Longum-Subsp-u

infantis colonization. Network analysis identified a selection of fucosylated human milk oligosaccharides in paired maternal samples that were positively associated with B. infantis and these broader CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that breastfeeding and antibiotics have opposing effects on the infant microbiome and that breastfeeding enrichment of B. infantis is associated with reduced antibiotic-associated asthma risk.FUNDING This work was supported in part by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research; the Allergy, Genes and Environment Network of Centres of Excellence; Genome Canada; and Genome British Columbia.Conflict of interest statement Declaration of interests M.

B.A. receives research funding from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, the Canada Foundation for Innovation, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the Manitoba Children’s Hospital Foundation, Prolacta Biosciences, Mitacs, CIFAR, the Garfield Weston Foundation, Health Data Research UK, and the Canadian COVID Immunity Task Force. She has consulted for DSM Nutritional Products and serves on the Malaika Vx and Tiny Health Scientific Advisory Boards.In the newborn, sugars present in human milk and formulas are assimilated by both small intestinal digestion and, especially in the case of lactose, colonic bacterial fermentation. Colonic fermentation of carbohydrate serves three major functions (1) conservation of a fraction of the metabolizable energy of dietary carbohydrate that is not absorbed in the small intestine; (2) prevention of osmotic diarrhea; and (3) production of short-chain fatty acids that stimulate sodium and water absorption, serve as fuel for colonocytes, and stimulate cell replication in colon and small intestine. Diarrhea produced in association with small bowel malabsorption of sugar may be caused by three, potentially overlapping mechanisms (1) osmotic effects of unfermented sugar, which may cause secondary disruption of fermentation by purging the bacteria or diluting the bacteria mass; (2) damage to the colon mucosa from excessive fermentation leading to SCFA malabsorption and osmotic diarrhea on this basis; and (3) excessive fermentation leading to lowering of luminal pH and inhibition of bacterial enzymes.

Therapy aimed at reducing diarrhea associated with sugar malabsorption might involve either slowing of motility to facilitate fermentation or stimulation of fermentative activity, but such interventions would depend on greater understanding of the mechanisms for colonic dysfunction Hindmilk for procedural pain in term neonates.The aim of this study was to investigate whether repeated doses of hindmilk were effective for pain relief during routine heel stick in term neonates. Infants enrolled in this double-blind placebo-controlled study were randomly assigned to hindmilk, 12% sucrose and distilled water groups. Infants were given 1 ml of the test solution 1 minute prior to, immediately before and 1 minute after the heel stick. Pain responses were assessed by physiologic and behavioral parameters and also according to the Neonatal Facial Coding System (NFCS). There were significant reductions in crying time, duration of the first cry and tachycardia, time needed for return to baseline heart rate, and the average and 1- and 5-minute NFCS scores in the hindmilk group when compared with the distilled water group. When the hindmilk group was compared to the sucrose group, only the NFCS scores at 1 and 2 minutes reached statistical significance in favor of the sucrose group.

Repeated 2'-Fucose lactose is an effective analgesic intervention in term newborns during heel stick. Although the analgesic effect of 12% sucrose is slightly superior, hindmilk may be considered as a physiologically suitable alternative to sucrose.Early Gut Colonization With Lactobacilli and Staphylococcus in Infants The University of Turku, Turku, Finland ‡Clinical Research, Department of Medical OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to assess the mode of delivery and type-of-feeding impact on gut microbiota. We demonstrated higher fecal bifidobacteria in infants who were breast-fed (BF) or fed formula with prebiotics polydextrose (PDX) and galactooligosaccharides (GOS) versus formula without prebiotics. Here, we tested feces of that cohort for lactobacilli and Staphylococcus aureus, 2 types of bacteria present in breast milk.METHODS In a double-blind, randomized study, 21- to -day-old term infants vaginally delivered and exclusively formula-fed received a cow's milk-based formula (control, n = ) or the same formula with 4 gL (11 ratio) of PDXGOS were obtained at baseline and after and days of feeding to assess fecal bacteria by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.