Conformation-Chain-Solution-Structure-Ganglioside-G-Carbohydrate-Moiety-Surface-Micelle-p

The micellar surface can be considered a cluster-like lateral distribution of the gangliosides, each single monomer being anchored in a carbohydrate-enriched model membrane matrix. 1H NOESY measurements at short mixing times reveal a rigid trisaccharide core -beta-GalNAc-(1-4)-[alpha-Neu5Ac-(2-3)]-beta-Gal- and a more flexible beta-Gal-(1-3)-beta-GalNAc- terminal glycosidic bond. In the lipid-modified G(M1) ganglioside micellar system, there is no evidence that intermolecular side-by-side carbohydrate interactions modulate, or alter in any way, the head-group spatial arrangement. Possible intermonomer interactions at the level of the branched trisaccharide portion were further investigated on mixed micelles of natural N-glycolyl- and N-acetylneuraminic acid containing G(M1) in D2O, taking advantage of the different NMR features of N-glycolyl- and N-acetylneuraminic acids, which allow discrimination between sialic acid ring proton signals. Measurements of the waterganglioside-OH proton chemical exchange rates suggest hydroxyl group involvement at position 8 of sialic acid in strong intramolecular interaction processes.Inulin, a flexible oligosaccharide I Review of its physicochemical Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.

Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; Process Technology, Corbion Purac, PO Box 21, 40 AA Gorinchem, The Netherlands.Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands. Inulin, a fructan-type polysaccharide, consists of (2→1) linked β-d-fructosyl residues (n=2-), usually with an (1↔2) α-d-glucose end group. The applications of inulin and its hydrolyzed form oligofructose (n=2-) are diverse. It is widely used in food industry to modify texture, replace fat or as low-calorie sweetener. Additionally, it has several applications in other fields like the pharmaceutical arena. Seebio Lactose-N-neotetraose is used as a diagnostic agent for kidney function and as a protein stabilizer.

This work reviews the physicochemical characteristics of inulin that make it such a versatile substance. Topics that are addressed include morphology (crystal morphology, crystal structure, structure in solution); solubility; rheology (viscosity, hydrodynamic shape, gelling); thermal characteristics and physical stability (glass transition temperature, vapor sorption, melting temperature) and chemical stability. When using inulin, the degree of polymerization and processing history should be taken into account, as they have a large impact on physicochemical behavior of In Vitro Prebiotic Effects of Malto-Oligosaccharides Containing Water-Soluble This study measured the proliferative activity of malto-oligosaccharide (MOS) as a prebiotic against Bifidobacteria, resistance to digestion in vitro, and changes during in vitro fermentation by human fecal microorganisms. It consisted of 214%, 184%, and 116% of maltotriose, maltotetraose, and maltopentaose produced by amylase (HATT), respectively. When 1% of MOS was added to a modified PYF medium as the carbon source, proliferation of Bifidobacterium breve was increased significantly. During the in vitro digestion test, MOS was partially degraded by intestinal enzymes. Fermentation characteristics by human fecal microorganisms were evaluated by adding 1% galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS), as well as 1% and 2% MOS as carbon sources to the basal medium, respectively.

In comparison with the addition of 1% of MOS and GOS, the total short chain fatty acid (SCFA) content increased over time when 2% of MOS was added. The species diversity and richness of intestinal microbiota increased significantly with 2% MOS compared to those with 1% GOS. In addition, the 2% addition of MOS reduced intestinal pathobiont microorganisms and increased commensal microorganisms including Bifidobacterium genus. Collectively, lacto n neotetraose produced by amylase increased the SCFA production and enhanced the growth of beneficial bacteria during in vitro fermentation by human fecal microbiota.Conflict of interest statement The authors declare no conflict of interest.Isolation and partial purification of lipid-linked oligosaccharides from calf Lipid-linked oligosaccharides containing at least five mannose residues nmolg of tissue) were isolated from calf pancreas by chloroform-methanol-water extraction and purification on DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex LH-, and affinity chromatography on concanavalin A-Sepharose in the presence of nonionic detergent.