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Here we review current understanding of bacterial biofilm formation on urethral catheters, with a focus on crystalline biofilm formation by P. mirabilis, as well as approaches that may be used to control biofilm formation on these devices. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Urinary catheters are the most commonly used medical devices in many healthcare systems, but their use predisposes to infection and provide ideal conditions for bacterial biofilm formation. Patients managed by long-term urethral catheterization are particularly vulnerable to biofilm-related infections, with crystalline biofilm formation by urease producing species frequently leading to catheter blockage and other serious clinical complications. This review considers current knowledge regarding biofilm formation on urethral catheters, and possible Reduced methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation in bone Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is a promising alternative for the treatment of infectious bone lesions in the oral cavity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effectiveness of PDT using blue LED associated with curcumin in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilms (MRSA) in bovine bone cavities by fluorescence spectroscopy.

Standardized suspensions of MRSA culture were inoculated into bone lesions to form biofilm. Forty bone species were distributed in three distinct groups: L-C- (control); L + C- (LED for 5 min); L-C+ (curcumin incubation for 5 min) and L + C+ (PDT). Aliquots of 100 μL were collected from the bone cavities after the treatments and were cultived in BHI for 24 h at 36 °C ± 1 and bacterial colonies counting were performed. Statistical analysis were performed using the paired t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) for the variables studied. RESULTS: The control and PDT groups presented statistically significant differences (p < 001). It was possible to reduce 366 log10 CFU/mL of MRSA and a reduction in the fluorescence emitted after the treatments was observed. The MRSA reduction in biofilms by PDT was the most efficient treatmnent.

There was a significant reduction of biofilms in the L + C- and non-PDT groups by [Effect of quorum sensing system on the infection of MRSA and the intervention Objective: To investigate the destructive effects of erythromycin on biofilm of MRSA and find the effect of erythromycin on QS related factors. Methods: Tested the MBC of erythromycin on MRSA.Established the model of biofilm.Erythromycin was added into the medium when bacteria were inoculated for 24 h. Tested the 7 d after adding erythromycin to detect the concentration of autoinducing peptides (AIP). Results: The MBC of the erythromycin on standard strains of MRSA was 256 g/L.There is a decreasing tendency of biofilm in a short time after adding erythromycin or TSB and then gradually increase until to a steady state.

Biofilm of experimental group(148, 136, 167)were significantly less than erythromycin to the mature biofilm, there was a significant decrease of biofilm.Adding erythromycin within 3 hours after inoculating bacteria, there was no bacterial growth or biofilm formation. The development trend of AIP was similar with biofilm and AIP happened earlier than biofilm.With the intervention then bacteria were killed effectively.Erythromycin was able to destroy biofilm. polysaccharide was inhibited by AIP obviously.To some extent, erythromycin can inhibit A chemosensory system that regulates biofilm formation through modulation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes chronic biofilm infections, and its ability to attach to surfaces and other cells is important for biofilm formation and maintenance.

https://pbase.com/stampperu43/root in a gene called wspF, part of a putative chemosensory signal-transduction operon, have been shown to result in cell aggregation and altered colony morphology. The WspF phenotypes depend on the presence of WspR, which is a member of a family of signal transduction proteins known as response regulators. It is likely that the effect of the wspF mutation is to cause constitutive activation of WspR by phosphorylation. WspR contains a GGDEF domain known to catalyze formation of a cytoplasmic signaling molecule cyclic diguanylate (c-diGMP). We determined that purified WspR catalyzed the formation of c-diGMP in vitro and phosphorylation stimulated this activity. We observed increased cellular levels of c-diGMP and increased biofilm formation in a wspF mutant. Expression of a protein predicted to catalyze degradation of c-diGMP reversed the phenotypes of a wspF mutant and inhibited biofilm initiation by wild-type cells, indicating that the presence of c-diGMP is necessary for biofilm formation.