Glycans-Number-Processes-Adhesion-Pathogens-Responses-i

The modulation of l-fucose content in such processes may provide new insights and knowledge regarding molecular interactions and may help to devise new therapeutic strategies. Microbial α-l-fucosidases are exoglycosidases that remove α-l-fucosyl residues from free oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates and can be also used in transglycosylation reactions to synthesize oligosaccharides. In this work, α-l-fucosidases from the GH29 family were identified and characterized from the metagenome of fecal samples of breastfed infants. lacto-n-neotetraose showed different substrate specificities toward HMOs, HBGAs, naturally occurring glycoproteins, and neoglycoproteins. These novel glycosidase enzymes from the breast-fed infant gut microbiota, which resulted in a good source of α-l-fucosidases, have great biotechnological potential.Conflict of interest statement The authors declare no conflict of interest.

The effects of 2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-neotetraose, galacto-oligosaccharides, and maternal human milk oligosaccharide profile on Giorgetti A(1), Paganini D(2), Nyilima S(3), Kottler R(4), Frick M(4), Karanja ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya.University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, BACKGROUND Whether prebiotic human milk oligosaccharides (HMO), such as 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) and lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), enhance iron absorption in infants is unknown. Moreover, whether maternal HMO profile affects absorption of iron fortificants or the effects of prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) andor HMO on iron absorption is uncertain.OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to test whether consumption of 3 g GOS or HMO enhances iron absorption from iron-fortified maize porridge in partially breastfed Kenyan infants and whether maternal HMO profile modulates these METHODS In a randomized, prospective crossover study, 55 infants (aged 8-12 mo) were fed test meals fortified with 1 of the following 1) 5 mg iron as 54Fe-labeled ferrous fumarate (FeFum); 2) 5 mg iron as 58FeFum and 3 g GOS incorporation of iron isotopes. HMO profiles were determined by capillary gel electrophoresis with laser-induced florescence detection.

Data were analyzed with mixed-effect models, and iron dialyzability was measured in vitro.RESULTS Of the 55 infants included, 49 were fed as instructed. FIA from the FeFum+GOS group [median (IQR) 22% (16%-25%)] was higher than that from the FeFum group [12% (9%-%)] (P =05). FIA from the FeFum+HMO group was 13% (7%-24%) and did not differ from the FeFum group (P =23). Maternal HMO profile did not predict FIA or modulate the effects of GOS or HMO on FIA. Iron dialyzability ratios at pH 2 of FeFum+GOS to FeFum and FeFum+HMO to FeFum were 2 and (P =01 and P =22), respectively.CONCLUSIONS In Kenyan infants consuming FeFum-fortified maize porridge, co-provision of 3 g GOS increased FIA by 78%, whereas co-provision of 3 g HMO did not affect FIA.

Variations in maternal HMO profile, including secretor and Lewis phenotype, did not predict FIA. Lactose-N-neotetraose argue against a physiologic role for 2'-FL and LNnT in facilitating iron absorption in infancy. The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NC41636 Associations between human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and eating behaviour in Hispanic infants at 1 and 6 months of age.Plows JF(1), Berger PK(1), Jones RB(1), Yonemitsu C(2), Ryoo JH(1), Alderete Excellence, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.BACKGROUND Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are naturally occurring glycans in human breast milk that act as prebiotics in the infant gut. Prebiotics have been demonstrated to suppress appetite in both adults and children.

Therefore, HMOs may affect infant eating behaviour.OBJECTIVE To determine if HMOs in breast milk are associated with eating METHODS Cross-sectional analysis of a prospective cohort of Hispanic mother-infant dyads (1-month, n = 157; 6-months, n = 69). Breast milk samples were screened for 19 HMOs using high pressure liquid chromatography, and eating behaviour was assessed using the Baby Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (BEBQ). We conducted multiple linear regressions to examine associations between HMOs and BEBQ scores, adjusted for maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, infant sex, birthweight, delivery mode and number of breastfeedings per day.