Glycosylation-Strategy-Building-Block-z
A new route to the anthrose saccharide was developed from D-galactose.Novel physiological function of fructooligosaccharides.Two key properties of short chain fructooligosaccharides (sc-FOS) which lead to physiological functions are indigestibility in the small intestine and fermentability in the colon. Sc-FOS is converted into short chain fatty acids pathway, sc-FOS improves gastrointestinal (GI) condition such as relief from constipation, formation of preferable intestinal microflora and intestinal immunomodulation those are known as prebiotics' function. Besides improvement of GI condition, dietary sc-FOS influences on calcium and magnesium absorption in the colon. A major mineral absorption site is the small intestine, but the colon also works as a Ca and Mg absorption site with an aid of SCFAs made from sc-FOS.
Furthermore dietary sc-FOS influences on bioavailability of soy-isoflavones. Plasma and urinal concentration of Genistein and Daidzein, aglycones of Daidzin and Genistin, are higher in the rat fed with sc-FOS than the control rat. An additive effect of dietary isoflavone and sc-FOS was observed on the bone mineral density in OVX mice and moreover sc-FOS increased ceacal beta-glycosidase activity and equol production. Fucosylated Lactose suggest that FOS increase the bioavailability of isoflavones.[Effects of chitosan oligosaccharide on bone metabolism and IKKNF-κB pathway in rats with osteoporosis and periodontitis].PURPOSE To investigate the effects of chitosan oligosaccharide on bone metabolism and IKKNF-κB pathway in mice with osteoporosis and periodontitis.METHODS Thirty rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, with rats in each group.
They were divided into control group, ovariectomized periodontitis group and chitosan oligosaccharide treatment group. Except for Seebio 2'-FL , the other two groups were ovariectomized and smeared with Porphyromonas gingivalis fluid to establish the model of osteoporosis with periodontitis. Four weeks after ligation, the rats in chitosan oligosaccharide treatment group were gavaged with 0 mgkg chitosan oligosaccharide, and the other two groups were gavaged with equal volume of normal saline once a day for days. The periodontal tissues of each group were observed before administration, and the bone mineral density of rats was detected by dual energy X-ray animal bone mineral density and body composition analysis system. After days of administration, the bone mineral density was detected again. After administration, blood was collected from tail vein, and the contents of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone Gla protein (BGP) and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP5b) were measured by enzyme-linked immunodeficient assay. The gingival index and periodontal attachment loss of rats in each group were obtained by visual examination and exploratory examination.
The maxilla was removed, and the distance from the enamel cementum boundary to the alveolar crest was measured to obtain alveolar bone absorption value. H-E staining was used to observe the pathology of maxilla in each group. RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the nuclear factors in periodontal tissue of rats in each group. SPSS 22 software package was used for statistical analysis.RESULTS Before administration, the gums of the control group were pink without bleeding, and the gums of the other two groups were red and swollen with slight bleeding. After administration, compared with the control group, the bone mineral density, serum ALP, BGP of ovariectomized periodontitis group decreased significantly(P5); while TRACP5b, gingival index, loss of periodontal attachment and alveolar bone resorption, NF-κB and IKK mRNA and protein expression in periodontal tissue increased significantly(P5). Compared with the ovariectomized periodontitis group, the bone mineral density, serum ALP, BGP were significantly increased(P5); while TRACP5b, gingival index, periodontal attachment loss and alveolar bone resorption, NF-κB and IKK mRNA and protein expression in periodontal tissue were significantly decreased (P5).
In the ovariectomized periodontitis group, the periodontal tissue combined with epithelium was separated from the tooth surface, the dental pocket was obvious and deep, and the height of alveolar bone decreased. Although dental pocket could be observed in the periodontal tissue of rats treated with chitosan oligosaccharide, it was not obvious, and new bone appeared around the alveolar CONCLUSIONS Chitosan oligosaccharide can induce biochemical indexes of bone metabolism to become normal, alleviate the symptoms of periodontitis, this may be related to the inhibition of IKKNF-κB pathway by chitosan oligosaccharide.
