Increase-Biofilm-Formation-Rate-Ro-Membranes-Presence-Types-Antiscalants-s

Polysaccharides -based antiscalant was shown to enhance initial cell attachment as observed with the QCM-D and a parallel plate flow cell, due to rendering the polyamide surface more hydrophobic. Polyphosphonate-based antiscalants also increased biofilm formation rate, most likely by serving as an additional source of phosphorous to the seawater microbial population. A thicker biofilm layer was formed on the RO membrane when the polyacrylate-based antiscalant was used. Following these results, a wise selection of antiscalants for scaling control should take into account their contribution to membrane biofouling propensity. Mechanism of salicylate-mediated inhibition of biofilm in Staphylococcus The inclusion of 5 mM salicylic acid (SAL) in medium inhibited both growth and biofilm production by Staphylococcus epidermidis by up to 55%. The inhibition was not due primarily to chelation of cations.

Excess divalent cations restored growth and biofilm production in chelated medium and in medium containing EDTA but not in medium containing SAL. ELISA analyses demonstrated that SAL inhibited production of teichoic acid, slime-associated proteins, and type 1 antigen by as much as 95%. However, it inhibited polysaccharide/adhesin production by only 50%--a figure paralleling the reduction in growth. The equivalent inhibitory effects of SAL on a pair of isogenic strains, one of which was a polysaccharide/adhesin-deficient mutant, confirmed that the primary effect of SAL was a reduction in the production of biofilm components rather than a reduction in the retention of these components in the slime layer prior to Electric Field Based Dressing Disrupts Mixed-Species Bacterial Biofilm Infection and Restores Functional Wound Healing. Medicine and Cell Based Therapies, Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Department of Microbiology, Center for Microbial Interface Biology, The Ohio OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to employ electroceutical principles, as an alternative to pharmacological intervention, to manage wound biofilm infection. Mechanism of action of a United States Food and Drug Administration-cleared wireless electroceutical dressing (WED) was tested in an established porcine chronic wound polymicrobial biofilm infection model involving inoculation with Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 and Acinetobacter baumannii 19606. BACKGROUND: Bacterial biofilms represent a major wound complication.

Resistance of biofilm toward pharmacologic interventions calls for alternative therapeutic strategies. Weak electric field has anti-biofilm properties. We have previously reported the development of WED involving patterned deposition of Ag and Zn on fabric. When moistened, WED generates a weak electric field without any external power supply and can be used as any other disposable dressing. METHODS: WED dressing was applied within 2 hours of wound infection to test its ability to prevent biofilm formation. Alternatively, Colanic acid polymer was applied after 7 days of infection to study disruption of established biofilm. Wounds were treated with placebo dressing or WED twice a week for 56 days.

RESULTS: Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that WED prevented and disrupted wound biofilm aggregates. WED accelerated functional wound closure by restoring skin barrier function. WED blunted biofilm-induced expression of (1) silencing of E-cadherin. E-cadherin is critically required for skin barrier function. Furthermore, WED rescued against biofilm-induced persistent inflammation by circumventing nuclear factor kappa B activation and its CONCLUSION: This is the first pre-clinical porcine mechanistic study to recognize the potential of electroceuticals as an effective platform technology Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflict of interests. Gut biofilms: Bacteroides as model symbionts to study biofilm formation by Bacterial biofilms are communities of adhering bacteria that express distinct properties compared to their free-living counterparts, including increased antibiotic tolerance and original metabolic capabilities. Despite the potential impact of the biofilm lifestyle on the stability and function of the dense community of micro-organisms constituting the mammalian gut microbiota, the overwhelming majority of studies performed on biofilm formation by gut bacteria focused either on minor and often aerobic members of the community or on pathogenic bacteria.

In this review, we discuss the reported evidence for biofilm-like structures formed by gut bacteria, the importance of considering the anaerobic nature of gut biofilms and we present the most recent advances on biofilm formation by Bacteroides, one of the most abundant genera of the human gut microbiota.