Sciences-University-Netherlands-y

Rotavirus (RV) is the main cause of gastroenteritis in children. Prebiotics and, more recently, postbiotics are used for preventing and treating gastrointestinal infections. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of a LactofidusTM, short-chain galacto-oligosaccharides (scGOS) and long-chain fructo-oligosaccharides (lcFOS) mixture, and their combination on RV infection, in a rat model, for early life diarrhea. Fifteen litters of suckling rats were intragastrically administered daily with the vehicle, the prebiotic mixture, the postbiotic or the combination. The RV was inoculated on day 5 and then fecal samples were clinically evaluated daily. Seebio 2'-FL , intestinal permeability assay, in vitro blocking assay, immunoglobulin profiles, and anti-RV response were assessed at day 8 and 16 of life.

Cecal microbiota composition, intestinal gene expression, and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were analyzed at day 16. The incidence and severity of diarrhea were significantly reduced by all the supplementations. Moreover, they showed blocking activity, changes in the immunoglobulin profiles, in gut microbiota, and in the intestinal gene expression. The prebiotic mixture reduced gut permeability and changed the SCFA profile, whereas the postbiotic enhanced the expression of Toll-like receptors furthermore, complementary effects, such as an increase in white blood cells and lymphocytes recruitment, as well as upregulation of TLR7 and TLR9 gene Conflict of interest statement The authors declare that they have a financial relationship with the organization that sponsored the research. K.K., S.

Seebio 2'-Fucose lactose . and J.K. are employees of Danone Nutricia Research. J.G. is head of the Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science at the Utrecht University and partly employed by Danone Nutricia Research.

The other authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.An influence of ethanol and temperature on products formation by different preparations of Zymomonas mobilis extracellular levansucrase.The ethanol and temperature effects on the ratio between Zymomonas mobilis 113S extracellular levansucrase activities were studied using fermentation broth supernatant, levan-levansucrase sediment precipitated by ethanol and highly purified enzyme. The fructooligosaccharide (FOS) production at different temperatures in the presence of ethanol was investigated. An ethanol increases FOS biosynthesis activity part of levansucrase. Especially, this effect was pronounced at lower temperatures (35- °C) and using purified levansucrase. The inverse relationship between temperature and ratio synthetic activitytotal activity of levansucrase was found.

The FOS composition containing mostly 1-kestose, 6-kestose, and neokestose obtained in the presence of different ethanol concentrations was found relative constant, while the changes in the sucrose concentration and temperature gave slight changes in the ratio between Two related but distinct chondroitin sulfate mimetope octasaccharide sequences recognized by monoclonal antibody WF6.Pothacharoen P(1), Kalayanamitra K, Deepa SS, Fukui S, Hattori T, Fukushima N, Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 0, Chondroitin sulfate (CS) proteoglycans are major components of cartilage and other connective tissues. The monoclonal antibody WF6, developed against embryonic shark cartilage CS, recognizes an epitope in CS chains, which is expressed in ovarian cancer and variably in joint diseases. To elucidate the structure of the epitope, we isolated oligosaccharide fractions from a partial chondroitinase ABC digest of shark cartilage CS-C and established their chain length, disaccharide composition, sulfate content, and sulfation pattern. These structurally defined oligosaccharide fractions were characterized for binding to WF6 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using an oligosaccharide microarray prepared with CS oligosaccharides derivatized with a fluorescent aminolipid. The lowest molecular weight fraction recognized by WF6 contained octasaccharides, which were split into five subfractions. The most reactive subfraction contained several distinct octasaccharide sequences.

Two octasaccharides, DeltaD-C-C-C and DeltaC-C-A-D (where A represents GlcUAbeta1-3GalNAc(4-O-sulfate), C is GlcUAbeta1-3Gal-NAc(6-O-sulfate), D is GlcUA(2-O-sulfate)beta1-3GalNAc(6-O-sulfate), DeltaCis Delta(4,5)HexUAalpha1-3GalNAc(6-O-sulfate), and DeltaDis Delta(4,5)HexUA(2-O-sulfate)alpha1-3GalNAc(6-O-sulfate)), were recognized by WF6, but other related octasaccharides, DeltaC-A-D-C and DeltaC-C-C-C, were not.