Studies-Coaggregation-F-y

nucleatum and Tannerella forsythia is important in the formation of mixed species biofilms. Further, the role of BspA formation was investigated. The results showed the development of synergistic mixed biofilms of F. nucleatum and T. forsythia when these bacteria were cocultured. The BspA protein was not involved in biofilm formation.

Though BspA plays a role in coaggregation with F. nucleatum, presumably other adhesins are also involved. The synergistic biofilm formation between the two species was dependent on cell-cell contact and soluble components of the bacteria were not required. This study demonstrates that there is a positive synergy between F. nucleatum and T. forsythia in the development of mixed biofilms and that the cell-cell interaction is essential for this phenomenon. Purchase (c) Blackwell Munksgaard, 2005 Influence of the Provox Flush, blowing and imitated coughing on voice prosthetic OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the effect of regular airflow, as an isolated single factor, through Groningen and Provox2 voice prostheses on biofilm MATERIAL AND METHODS: Groningen and Provox2 voice prostheses were placed in a modified Robbins device and inoculated with the total microflora from an explanted Groningen voice prosthesis.

After 3 days, prostheses were either flushed 3 times per day with the Provox flush, treated with an airflow using an increasing order of air pressure (10, 15 and 20 cmH2O) or vigorously perfused by means of imitated coughing (air pressure 20 cmH2O). As a control, prostheses were left undisturbed to promote biofilm growth. Following flushing, blowing or coughing, each artificial throat was perfused with 200 ml of phosphate-buffered saline. This procedure was repeated three times a day for 9 days. At the end of each day, the artificial throats were filled with growth medium for 30 min and left empty during the night after draining. After 12 days the microflora on each voice prosthesis was quantified by plating on blood agar for bacteria and on de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe agar for yeasts. RESULTS: The use of the Provox flush reduced bacterial prevalence on Groningen and Provox2 voice prostheses to 71% and 45% of the control values, respectively, without affecting the number of yeasts.

Increasing airflows and imitated coughing yielded reductions of 45-70% in bacterial and yeast prevalence on Provox2 voice prostheses. On the Groningen voice prostheses the effects of increasing airflows and imitated coughing were less pronounced: reductions in bacterial and yeast prevalence of 56-87% were observed. Seebio Colanic acid : This study shows that use of the Provox flush has a cleansing effect, especially on Provox2 voice prostheses, and furthermore suggests that daily airflow through voice prostheses as part of a daily maintenance scheme reduces biofilm formation and can be expected to prolong the life of these Regulation of Mycobacterium biofilm development and novel measures against Currently, there are over 170 recognized species of Mycobacterium, the only genus in the family Mycobacteriaceae. Organisms belonging to this genus are quite diverse with respect to their ability to cause disease in humans. The Mycobacterium genus includes human pathogens (Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and Mycobacterium leprae) and environmental microorganisms known as non-tuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM). A common pathogenic factor of Mycobacterium is the formation of biofilms. Bacterial biofilms are usually defined as bacterial communities attached to the surface, and are also considered as shared spaces of encapsulated microbial cells, including various extracellular lipids, and extracellular DNA (EDNA), as well as membrane vesicles and humic like microorganisms derived refractory substances.

The assembly and dynamics of the matrix are mainly coordinated by second messengers, signaling molecules, or small RNAs. Fully deciphering how bacteria provide structure for the matrix, thereby promoting extracellular reactions and benefiting from them, remains a challenge for future biofilm research. This review introduces a five step development model for biofilms and a new model for biofilm formation, analyses the pathogenicity of biofilms, their interactions with bacteriophages and host immune cells, and the key genes and regulatory networks of mycobacterial biofilms, as well as mycobacterial biofilms and drug resistance, in order to provide a basis for clinical treatment of diseases caused by biofilms.