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The neutral high-molecular-weight fraction significantly inhibited the adhesion of E. coli O119 and V. cholerae, but not that of S. fyris; the neutral low-molecular-weight fraction was effective toward E. coli O119 and S. fyris but not V.

cholerae. Our results demonstrate that human milk oligosaccharides inhibit the adhesion to epithelial cells not only of common pathogens like E. coli but also for the first time of other aggressive bacteria as V. cholerae and S. fyris. Consequently, oligosaccharides are one of the important defensive factors contained in human milk against acute diarrheal infections of breast-fed DOI 31.pdr00555937Safety and efficacy of a probiotic-containing infant formula supplemented with 2'-fucosyllactose a double-blind randomized controlled trial.

Alliet P(1), Vandenplas Y(2), Roggero P(3), Jespers SNJ(4), Peeters S(5), Stalens JP(6), Kortman GAM(7), Amico M(8), Berger B(9), Sprenger N(9), BACKGROUND Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have important and diverse biological functions in early life. This study tested the safety and efficacy of a starter infant formula containing Limosilactobacillus (L.) reuteri DSM 17938 and supplemented with 2'-fucosyllactose  (2'FL).METHODS Healthy infants  14 days old (n = 289) were randomly assigned to a bovine milk-based formula containing L. reuteri DSM 17938 at 1 × 7 CFUg group; EG) until 6 months of age. A non-randomized breastfed group served as reference (BF; n = ). The primary endpoint was weight gain through 4 months of age in the formula-fed infants.

Secondary endpoints included additional anthropometric measures, gastrointestinal tolerance, stooling characteristics, adverse events (AEs), fecal microbiota and metabolism, and gut immunity and health biomarkers in all feeding groups.RESULTS Weight gain in EG was non-inferior to CG as shown by a mean difference [95% CI] of6 [-16, 19] gday with the lower bound of the 95% CI above the non-inferiority margin (-3 gday). Anthropometric Z-scores, parent-reported stooling characteristics, gastrointestinal symptoms and associated behaviors, and AEs were comparable between formula groups. Redundancy analysis indicated that the microbiota composition in EG was different from CG at age 2 (p =) and 3 months (p =52), approaching BF. Similarly, between sample phylogenetic distance (weighted UniFrac) for BF vs EG was smaller than for BF vs CG at 3-month age (p =45). At age 1 month, Clostridioides difficile counts were significantly lower in EG than CG. Bifidobacterium relative abundance in EG tracked towards that in BF.

Fecal biomarkers and metabolic profile were CONCLUSION L. reuteri-containing infant formula with 2'FL supports age-appropriate growth, is well-tolerated and may play a role in shifting the gut microbial pattern towards that of breastfed infants.TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov ( NC3 Conflict of interest statement Mailis Amico, Bernard Berger, Norbert Sprenger, and Colin I. Cercamondi are current employees of Société des Produits Nestlé S.A. Guus A.

M. Kortman is an employee of NIZO Food Research BV. Fucosylated oligosaccharides remaining authors declare that they have no competing interests that are relevant to the [Specificity of different lysozymes with respect to low molecular weight The mother of all synbiotics Just a spoonful of sugar makes the bugs stick Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Success of live biotherapeutics depends upon sustained and durable engraftment of beneficial microbes with robust functional output. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Button et al. (22) report that a human milk oligosaccharide-Bifidobacterium synbiotic delivers by supporting functional engraftment in healthy adults without antibiotic administration.Conflict of interest statement Declaration of interests The authors declare no The human milk oligosaccharides are not affected by pasteurization and Hyang University , Seoul , Republic of Korea.

National University , Daejeon , Republic of Korea.OBJECTIVES Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are known as important factors in neurologic and immunologic development of neonates.