-Among-various-conjugated-molecules-many-truxene-derivatives-have-interesting-characteristics-such-as-C3-symmetry-strong-blue-emission-and-a-planar-rigid-structure-a

Moreover, compared with many other π-conjugated aromatics, the synthesis and modification of truxene are particularly facile and diverse. In this account, we summarize investigations into truxene derivatives from synthesis and physical properties to applications in organic electronics.Assessing leaf photoprotective mechanisms using terrestrial LiDAR: towards mapping canopy photosynthetic performance in three dimensions.Resources, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive, MS 1135, Moscow, ID, Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) data allow spatially explicit (x, y, z) laser return intensities to be recorded throughout a plant canopy, which could considerably improve our understanding of how physiological processes vary in three-dimensional space. However, 6-butyl-n-hydroxynaphthimide trifluoromethanesulfonic acid as a Catalyst in Organic Transformations of TLS data for the quantification of plant physiological properties remains largely unexplored. Here, we test whether the laser return intensity of green (532-nm) TLS correlates with changes in the de-epoxidation state of the xanthophyll cycle and photoprotective non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), and compare the ability of TLS to quantify these parameters with the passively measured photochemical reflectance index (PRI).

We exposed leaves from five plant species to increasing light intensities to induce NPQ and de-epoxidation of violaxanthin (V) to antheraxanthin (A) and zeaxanthin (Z). At each light intensity, the green laser return intensity (GLRI), narrowband spectral reflectance, chlorophyll fluorescence emission and xanthophyll cycle pigment composition were recorded. Strong relationships between both predictor variables (GLRI, PRI) and both explanatory variables (NPQ, xanthophyll cycle de-epoxidation) were observed. GLRI holds promise to provide detailed (mm) information about plant physiological status to improve our understanding of the patterns and mechanisms driving foliar photoprotection. We discuss the potential for scaling these laboratory data to three-dimensional © 2013 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2013 New Phytologist Trust.(E)-5-[2-(methoxycarbonyl)ethenyl]cytidine as a chemical actinometer for (E)-5-[2-(Methoxycarbonyl)ethenyl]cytidine (S) was examined for use as a chemical actinometer for germicidal UV radiation.

Its photoproduct, 3-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-2,7-dioxopyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine (P), is strongly fluorescent with excitation and emission maxima at 330 and 385 nm, respectively. Experiments were conducted to characterize the dynamic behavior of aqueous solutions of S and P when subjected to UV radiation. UV sources used for these experiments included a low-pressure mercury lamp, a XeBr excimer lamp, and a KrCI excimer lamp; all three sources were mounted in collimating devices to provide incident beams that could be easily and accurately characterized by radiometry. These three sources each yielded essentially monochromatic outputwith characteristic wavelengths of 254, 282, and 222 nm, respectively. At practical concentrations, it was found that the absorbance of the actinometer solution was neither high enough to make the actinometer solutions optically opaque nor low enough to be optically transparent to UV. In addition, the photoproduct displayed a molar absorption coefficient that was similar in magnitude to that of the parent compound, thereby resulting in competitive absorption of UV energy between Sand Pduring irradiation. For purposes of evaluation of the results of irradiation, a mathematical model was developed to accountforthe nonideal optical characteristics of the system.

The model is based on a description of local photochemical kinetics; predictions of overall reactor performance were developed by spatial and temporal integration of model results. The model was used to analyze the dynamic behavior of actinometer solutions during UV irradiation and to estimate the quantum yield for photoproduction of Pfrom S. Photoacid Generator modeling approach is potentially applicable to other photochemical processes in which multiple compounds are present that absorb photoactive radiation; however, general application of this modeling approach to photochemical reactor systems will require inclusion of othertermsto describe relevanttransport behavior within the system.Decolorization of dye RB-19 solution in a continuous ozone process.This work studied the decolorization of dye C.I. Reactive Blue 19 (RB-19) solution in a new gas-inducing reactor under continuous process.

The decolorization behavior, decolorization kinetic, ozone utilization rate (UO3), and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) are examined under various operation conditions, such as input ADMI color values (ADMIo), input liquid flow rates (QL), input ozone gas concentrations (CO3,i), input gas flow rates (Qg), and agitation speeds (N). Experimental results of decolorization behavior indicate that the American Dye Manufactures Institute (ADMI) removal percentage (RADMI) decreases with increasing ADMI color value input rate or decreasing ozone input rate. For the study of ozone utilization rate, UO3 increases with increasing ADMI color value input rate or decreasing ozone input rate.