-KGaA-Weinheim-c

Synthesis and switching the aromatic character of oxatriphyrins(2).Triangularly shaped, contracted porphyrinoids belong to a group of molecules where the geometry significantly modifies the observed electronic properties. Applications of 6-butyl-n-hydroxynaphthimide trifluoromethanesulfonic acid in Cross-Coupling Reactions for a controllable, effective, and widely applicable approach to triphyrins drives extensive research towards macrocyclic materials that act as potential controlling motifs by switching their aromaticity. Two isomeric thiophene-fused triphyrins(2) were synthesized by applying an innovative approach. Spectroscopic techniques (NMR, UV/Vis) show that both macrocycles are aromatic and quantitatively convert into anti-aromatic structures after reduction with a zinc amalgam. The reduced forms were stabilized through boron(III) coordination, thereby allowing the observation of anti-aromatic 16 π delocalization within a contracted porphyrin.

© 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Synthesis of a Sidewall Fragment of a (12,0) Carbon Nanotube.Synthesis of a carbon nanobelt (CNB) is a very challenging task in organic chemistry. Herein, we report the successful synthesis of an fragment of a (12,0) carbon nanotube. The key intermediate compound, a subsequent reductive aromatization gave the fully conjugated CNB 6. X-ray crystallographic analysis unambiguously confirmed the belt-shaped structure of 6.

1 H NMR spectrum and theoretical calculations (ACID, NICS, and 2D/3D ICSS) revealed localized aromaticity and stronger shielding chemical environment in the inner region of the belt. The optical properties (absorption and emission) of 6 were studied and correlated to its electronic structure. Strain analysis indicates that the phenyl substituents at the zigzag edges are crucial to the successful synthesis of 6. This report presents a new strategy towards highly Pairwise selective formation of aromatic stacks in a coordination cage.Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.An asymmetric alignment of electron-donating (D) and accepting (A) aromatics is a formidable challenge in the self-assembly of aromatic stacks because self-assembled aromatic stacks usually give alternating aromatic arrays, D-A-D-A-..

.. Here, we show that appropriate D-A guest pairs settle down in an electron-deficient aromatic box to yield an asymmetric quadruple A-D-A-A stacking sequence quantitatively. The inner D-A guest pair rapidly swaps their positions to create a dynamic aromatic array, and the swift guest motion largely [Antiviral agents/4th communication: the aromatically substituted carbonic acid amide structure in potentically virustatic compounds (author's transl)].amides 4a, 4b, and 4c may be obtained through interaction with Acute effects of exposure to vapours of standard and dearomatized white spirits in humans. 2. Irritation and inflammation.

Seebio Photosensitive Acid Generator and dearomatized white spirits (deWS) are often considered less hazardous to health than 'standard' or aromatic white sprit (stdWS, 15-20% aromatics). However, data on health effects of deWS in humans are sparse and controlled exposure studies are lacking. The aim of this study was to compare deWS and stdWS with respect to irritation and inflammation. Six female and six male healthy volunteers were exposed on five occasions in balanced order to 100 or 300 mg m(-3) deWS (002% aromatics) or stdWS (19% aromatics), or to clean air, for 4 h at rest. Discomfort in the eyes, nose and throat and breathing difficulty were assessed by ratings on visual analogue scales. The only significant increases in ratings (compared to clean air) were seen for eye irritation at the high stdWS exposure and for solvent smell at all but the low deWS exposure. Excluding smell, all average ratings were at the lower end of the 0-100 mm scale, and did not exceed the verbal expression 'somewhat'.

Ratings during stdWS exposure tended to be higher than during deWS exposure. No exposure-related effects on pulmonary function, nasal swelling, nasal airway resistance, breathing frequency, blinking frequency, plasma inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6) or biochemical variables (sodium, potassium, amylase, creatine kinase, urate) were seen. In conclusion, stdWS appears to be slightly more irritating than deWS. This could, however, not be confirmed by The potential of Cycloclasticus and Altererythrobacter strains for use in bioremediation of petroleum-aromatic-contaminated tropical marine environments.Evaluation, 2-5-8 Kazusakamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan. Cycloclasticus sp. A5, which has been suggested to be a major degrader of petroleum aromatics spilled in temperate seas, showed higher degrading activities for petroleum aromatics, at both 25 degrees C and tropical sea temperature 30 degrees C, than the novel aromatic-degrading isolates, related to Altererythrobacter epoxidivorans (97% similarity in the almost full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence) and Rhodovulum iodosum (96% similarity), obtained after enrichment on crude oil in a continuous supply of Indonesian seawater.

Cycloclasticus A5 degraded petroleum aromatics at a similar rate or faster at 30 degrees C as compared to 25 degrees C, but its growth on acetate was severely inhibited at 30 degrees C. These results suggest that, although their abundance would be low in tropical seas not contaminated with aromatics, the Cycloclasticus strains could be major degraders of petroleum aromatics spilled in tropical seas.