-PCAPS-was-also-applied-with-all-anthropogenic-emissions-sources-for-multiple-retrospective-years-to-predict-PM2-chemical-components-for-comparison-against-routine-surface-measurements-f
PCAPS predicted similar magnitudes and regional variations in spatial gradients of measured chemical components of PM2. Model performance for capturing ambient measurements was consistent with other reduced complexity tools. PCAPS also did well at capturing the magnitude and spatial features of changes predicted by photochemical transport models for multiple emissions scenarios for both O3 and PM2. PCAPS is a flexible tool that provides source-receptor relationships using patterns of air quality gradients from a training data set of generic modeled sources to create interpolated air pollution gradients for new locations not part of the training database. The flexibility provided for both sources and receptors makes this tool ideal for integration into larger frameworks that provide emissions changes and need estimates of air quality to inform downstream analytics, which often includes an estimate of monetized health effects.Photophysical properties and semiempirical calculations of perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic tetramethylester (PTME).
Mechanistic Studies of 6-butyl-n-hydroxynaphthimide trifluoromethanesulfonic acid Reactions and fluorescence quantum yield of perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic tetramethylester (PTME) have been measured in different solvents. Both electronic absorption and fluorescence spectra are not sensitive to medium polarity. The dye exhibits high fluorescence quantum yield and high photostable. Crystalline solid of PTME gives excimer-like emission at 530 nm. The laser activity of PTME has been investigated. The dye solution in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) gives laser emission around 480 nm upon excitation by 337 nm nitrogen laser pulse. The excitation energy transfer from 7-dimethylamino-4-methylcoumarine (DMC) to PTME has also has been studied and the value of energy transfer rate constant, k(ET), and critical transfer distance, R(0) indicate a Förster-type mechanism.
The photodecomposition of PTME in chloromethane solvents has been also studied. We applied semiempirical MO calculations using (PM3 and ZINDO-CI) calculations to explain the geometric and electronic behaviors of the PTME molecule in both ground and excited states and make a correlation with the experimental observations.Pharmacological evaluation of adipose dysfunction via 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in the development of diabetes in diet-induced obese mice Y.A., H.K., T.
K., T.O., K.I., K.A.
, T.S., K.H.); and Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Signals from intracellular glucocorticoids (GCs) via 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) in adipose tissues have been reported to serve as amplifiers leading to deterioration of glucose metabolism associated with obesity. To elucidate adipose dysfunction via 11β-HSD1 activation in the development of obesity-related diabetes, we established novel diabetic mice by implanting a cortisone pellet (CP) in diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice. Cortisone pellet-implanted DIO mice (DIO/CP mice) showed hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, and ectopic fat accumulation, whereas cortisone pellet implantation in lean mice did not induce hyperglycemia.
In DIO/CP mice, indexes of lipolysis such as plasma glycerol and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) increased before hyperglycemia appeared. Furthermore, the adipose mRNA level of 11β-HSD1 was up-regulated in DIO/CP mice compared with sham-operated 11β-[p-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-17β-hydroxy-17-(1-propynyl)estra-4,9-dien-3-one), a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, decreased adipose mRNA levels of 11β-HSD1 as well as adipose triglyceride lipase. RU486 also improved plasma NEFA, glycerol, and glucose levels in DIO/CP mice. These results demonstrate that lipolysis in adipose tissues caused by GC activation via 11β-HSD1 serves as a trigger for diabetes with ectopic fat accumulation. Our findings also indicate the possibility of a vicious circle of GC signals via 11β-HSD1 up-regulation in adipose tissues, contributing to deterioration of glucose metabolism to result in diabetes. Our DIO/CP mouse could be a suitable model of type 2 diabetes to evaluate adipose dysfunction via 11β-HSD1.Absorption and exposure in positive photoresist.
A review of the theory of absorption on microscopic and macroscopic levels is given. This theory is then applied to the absorption of UV light by diazo-type positive photoresist during exposure. A formal treatment of the properties of polychromatic light is given. Using Photosensitizer for Acid Formation , the effects of polychromatic exposure of a photoresist are derived. Finally, experimental verification of Beer's law and determination of the exposure quantum efficiency of a particular Synthesis of Heptagon-Containing Polyarenes by Catalytic C-H Activation.Nanocarbons incorporating non-hexagonal aromatic rings - such as five-, seven-, and eight-membered rings - have various intriguing physical properties such as curved structures, unique one-dimensional packing, and promising magnetic, optical, and conductivity properties. Herein, we report an efficient synthetic approach to polycyclic aromatics containing seven-membered rings via a palladium-catalyzed intramolecular Ar-H/Ar-Br coupling.
