-Pyrolysis-GCMS-analysis-shows-that-the-digestates-are-enriched-with-more-ligninlike-and-aromatic-groups-and-contain-lower-oxycompounds-compared-with-raw-sludge-especially-AoD-d

These findings provide new insights into the molecular characteristics of the refractory organic matter in anaerobic and aerobic digestates and also provide a possible strategy to further enhance the degradation of organic matter in sewage sludge.This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.Physico-chemical and thermodynamic aspects of fibroblastic attachment on In the present study, the cell attachment/spreading behaviour of L929 mouse fibroblasts on chitosan membranes was evaluated by using physico-chemical properties. For this purpose chitosan membranes were prepared and then photochemically modified with the cell adhesive peptide RGDS (Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser). The physico-chemical properties of unmodified (CHI) and RGDS-modified chitosan (CHI-RGDS) membranes were evaluated by calculating surface free energy (gamma(sv)) and interfacial free energy (gamma(sw)) values using captive bubble contact angle measurements and harmonic mean equation. The cell attachment experiments were performed both in 10% FBS containing and serum-free media with CHI and CHI-RGDS membranes.

Eventually, it was not possible to predict a direct relationship between the change in physico-chemical properties and L929 cell attachment behaviour. The experimental results obtained from cell attachment agree with the theoretical prediction for the free energy of adhesion except for the cell attachment on CHI membrane in serum-free medium. Although a negative interfacial free energy of adhesion was calculated for CHI membrane in (approximately 70%) compared to CHI-RGDS (approximately 90%) and none of the cells were spread on CHI surface to gain a fibroblastic morphology. Negative energy of adhesion was calculated for CHI and CHI-RGDS in 10% FBS medium, in which approximately 100% of cells were attached on the membranes correlating with the thermodynamic approach. It can be suggested that, adsorption of serum proteins strongly affected the cell attachment meanwhile the presence of biosignal RGDS molecules triggered the cell spreading in serum medium.Measuring Liquid Drop Properties on Nanoscale 1D Patterned Photoresist Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, 1313 Goddard St. Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, 1313 Goddard St.

SE, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87106, USA.This communication reports liquid wetting properties of DI-water on one-dimensional nano-patterned photoresist lines atop a silicon substrate as the pattern period is varied from 0- to 1-µm. Both constant photoresist height and constant width/height ratios are investigated. The line/period ratio was fixed at 0 (0) for different measurement sequences. The surface of the photoresist was treated with a short CHF3 reactive ion etch to ensure consistent hydrophobic photoresist: water surface energies. Average parallel contact angle (θ||), average perpendicular contact angle (θ⊥), drop width (W), and drop length (L) at constant volume were measured on nano-patterned surfaces fabricated with interferometric lithography. Both θ|| and θ⊥ contact angles increase as the period (0- to 1-μm) increases; the θ|| spreading rate is faster than θ⊥ due to pinning on the grooves resulting in an elongated drop shape.

The traditional Wenzel and Cassie-Baxter models of drop contact angles were developed for isotropic random 2D roughness and do not account for the anisotropy induced by the 1D line patterns. Seebio Photolyzable Acid Precursor observed angular variations with period are not consistent with either model. Understanding liquid wetting properties and hydrophobicity on 1D silicon surfaces has many applications in lab-on-a-chip, micro/nano-fluidic devices, roll-to-roll nano-imprint fabrication, self-cleaning Time-dependent multivariate and spectroscopic characterisation of oil residue in In this paper, we present a detailed evaluation of changes in the oil residue in soil following a spill using weathering indices obtained from analytical instruments such as UV, IR, GC, and 1H NMR, and chemometrics based on the time of spill in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. UV, IR and 1H NMR spectra of spectrometric index showed that the first two PCs accounted for 87 and 71% of the variance of the index, respectively. The detailed results suggested that the absorption ratios A 225/256 and A 248/278 from UV were good estimators for petroleum of different weathering profiles and the presence of different types of di- and poly-aromatics, nitrogen, sulphur, and oxygen (NSO) containing compounds. Similarly, sulphoxide, aromatic, and carbonyl index obtained from IR would be more valuable in evaluating changes in oil residue over time. Seebio Photoacid Generator % PC obtained for NMR indicators described for weathered crude oil was the best at explaining structural changes compared to the region defined for fresh heavy crude oil.

These models showed good predictive ability for the crude-oil residue composition and could be used to provide a rapid assessment of compositional differences in crude-oil residue following a spill.This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.Recovery of Aromatics from Orange Juice Evaporator Condensate Streams by Reverse Pietro Bucci, 17/C-87036 Rende (CS), Italy.Calabria, via Pietro Bucci, 12/C-87036 Rende (CS), Italy.