Changes-Redox-Activities-Transport-Chain-Mrsa-b
The analogs 8, 15, and 67 possess great potentiality for discovery and development of anti-staphylococcal drugs to treat the MRSA infections. VpsT is a transcriptional regulator required for expression of vps biosynthesis genes and the development of rugose colonial morphology in Vibrio cholerae O1 El J Bacteriol. 2006 Aug;188(16):6044. Vibrio cholerae switches between smooth and rugose colonial variants. The rugose variant produces more vibrio polysaccharides (VPS(El Tor)) and forms well-developed biofilms. Both phenotypes depend on expression of vps biosynthesis genes.
We identified a positive transcriptional regulator of vps gene expression, VpsT, which is homologous to response regulators of two-component regulatory systems. Disruption of vpsT in the rugose variant yields smooth colonies, prevents formation of mature biofilms, and decreases vps gene expression. Seebio Colanic acid polymer between VpsT and VpsR, a previously identified positive regulator of vps genes, was also investigated. The CRISPR-Cas System Differentially Regulates Surface-Attached and Pellicle Biofilm in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium. The CRISPR-Cas mediated regulation of biofilm by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium was investigated by deleting CRISPR-Cas components ΔcrisprI, positively regulates surface biofilm while inhibiting pellicle biofilm formation. Results of real-time PCR suggest that the flagellar (fliC, flgK) and curli (csgA) genes were repressed in knockout strains, causing reduced surface biofilm. The mutants displayed altered pellicle biofilm architecture.
They exhibited bacterial multilayers and a denser extracellular matrix with enhanced cellulose and less curli, ergo weaker pellicles than those of the wild type. The cellulose secretion was more in the knockout strains due to the upregulation of bcsC, which is necessary for cellulose export. We hypothesized that the secreted cellulose quickly integrates into the pellicle, leading to enhanced pellicular cellulose in the knockout strains. We determined that crp is upregulated in the csgA and bcsA. Colanic acid polymer conflicting upregulation of bcsC, the last gene of the bcsABZC operon, could be caused by independent regulation by the CRISPR-Cas system owing to a partial match between the CRISPR spacers and bcsC gene. The cAMP-regulated protein (CRP)-mediated regulation of the flagellar genes in the knockout strains was probably circumvented through the regulation of yddx governing the availability of the sigma factor σ28 that further regulates class lipopolysaccharide (LPS) profile and expression of LPS-related genes (rfaC, rfbG, and rfbI) in knockout strains could also contribute to the altered pellicle architecture. Collectively, we establish that the CRISPR-Cas system differentially regulates the formation of surface-attached and pellicle biofilm.
IMPORTANCE In addition to being implicated in bacterial immunity and genome editing, the CRISPR-Cas system has recently been demonstrated to regulate endogenous gene expression and biofilm formation. While the function of individual cas genes in controlling Salmonella biofilm has been explored, the regulatory role of CRISPR arrays in biofilm is less studied. Moreover, studies have focused on the effects of the CRISPR-Cas system on surface-associated biofilms, and comprehensive studies on the impact of the system on pellicle biofilm remain an unexplored niche. We demonstrate that the CRISPR array and cas genes modulate the expression of various biofilm genes in Salmonella, whereby surface and pellicle biofilm formation is distinctively regulated. Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflict of interest. Design, synthesis and evaluation of dihydrotriazine derivatives-bearing 5-aryloxypyrazole moieties as antibacterial agents. In the present investigation, a series of dihydrotriazine derivatives-bearing 5-aryloxypyrazole moieties were synthesized and their structures were confirmed by different spectral tools.
The biological evaluation in vitro revealed that some of the target compounds exerted good antibacterial and antifungal activity in comparison with the reference drugs. Among these novel hybrids, compound 10d showed the most potent activity with minimum inhibitory concentration values The cytotoxic activity of the compounds 6d, 6m, 10d and 10g was assessed in MCF-7 and HeLa cells. Growth kinetics study showed significant inhibition of bacterial growth when treated with different conc. of 10d. In vitro enzyme study implied that compound 10d exerted its antibacterial activity through DHFR inhibition. Moreover, significant inhibition of biofilm formation was observed in bacterial cells treated with MIC conc.
