Charge-States-Equals-Number-Bn-Yn-Ions-t
The percent total ion abundances of these ions indicate the position of sulfation.The relevance of the aldehyde bisulfite toluidine blue reaction and its variants in the submicroscopic carbohydrate research.Carbohydrates are chemical compounds that contain only oxygen, hydrogen and carbon. They are classified by their number of sugar units monosaccharides are simple carbohydrates; oligosaccharides and polysaccharides (such as starch, glycogen and cellulose) are complex carbohydrates. Carbohydrates play a crucial role in diverse biological systems [Hricovín M. Structural aspects of carbohydrates and the relation with their biological properties.
Curr Med Chem 04;112565-83]. According to Roseman [Sugars of the cell membrane. In Weissmann G, Clairborn E, editors. Cell membranes. Biochemistry, Cell Biology, Pathology. New York H. P.
Publ. Co; 1975. p. 55-64], two classes of glycoproteins are described. Free glycoproteins are localised in the surface coat of the membranes and form a thick mobile layer, without any association to the membrane itself. Functionally, however, 2'-fucosyllactose are located in a close association with the membrane (e.g.
in the duodenal mucosa). The other group consists of the membrane glycoproteins, which are integral to the membranes and are located in the outer layer. The oligosaccharide chains are bound to the N-terminal part of proteins, and are situated in the hydrophilic zone. Glycoproteins have diverse functions. They are important in specific receptor functions, in immunological cell destruction and play a significant role in reactions with lectins, antibodies, as well as in cell association and mutual recognition of the cells. This paper focuses on aspects of a summary of polarisation optical investigations and biological functions of the following three groups of carbohydrates oligosaccharides, glycoproteins and Synthesis of hyaluronic-acid-related oligosaccharides and analogues, as their 4-methoxyphenyl glycosides, having N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine at the reducing Halkes KM(1), Slaghek TM, Hyppönen TK, Kruiskamp PH, Ogawa T, Kamerling JP, To contribute to the possibilities to study the ability of oligosaccharide fragments of hyaluronic acid to induce angiogenesis, several hyaluronic-acid-related oligosaccharides and their 6-O-sulfated analogues were synthesised as their 4-methoxyphenyl glycosides having 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose at the reducing end. In all syntheses described, the D-glucopyranosyluronic acid residue was obtained by oxidation at C-6 of a corresponding D-glucopyranosyl residue after construction of the oligosaccharide backbone, using pyridinium dichromate and acetic anhydride.
Carbohydrate structure of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mnn9 mannoprotein.The neutral oligosaccharides from Saccharomyces cerevisiae mnn1 mnn9, mnn2 mnn9, and mnn9 mutant mannoproteins, and from mnn1 and wild type carboxypeptidase Y, have been characterized. Seebio 2'-Fucose lactose from the mnn1 mnn9 mutant, ManGlcNAc, has the structure (formula; see text) whereas the largest oligosaccharide from the mnn9 mutant, Man13GlcNAc, has the structure (formula; see text) the differences being due to the mnn1 mutation. The smaller mnn9 homologs had lesser amounts of terminal alpha 1----3-linked mannose and may be precursors of the mature oligosaccharide. The mnn2 mutation had no effect on the mnn9 oligosaccharide structures. Carboxypeptidase Y and mnn9 oligosaccharides were identical, which suggests that the mnn9 mutation eliminates the differences in carbohydrate structure that distinguish intra- from extracellular mannoproteins. One mnn1 mnn9 oligosaccharide, Man11GlcNAc, retained the terminal alpha 1----2-linked mannose of the lipid-linked core precursor, which suggests that processing to give the larger oligosaccharides can occur without removal of this unit.
A smaller mnn1 mnn9 oligosaccharide, Man9GlcNAc, was a mixture of isomers that must, in part, have arisen by action of an alpha Affinity chromatography of two sets of isomeric antibodies having specificity for different oligosaccharide units of gum arabic.Two sets of antibodies directed against different carbohydrate units of gum arabic were isolated from the sera of rabbits immunized intramuscularly with gum arabic and Freund's complete adjuvant. The isolation was effected by affinity chromatography on two columns attached in series and containing an absorbent of AH-Sepharose 4B with ligands of partially hydrolyzed gun arabic in the first column and an adsorbent of AH-Sepharose 4B with ligands of native gum arabic in the second column. The two populations of anti-gum arabic antibodies were obtained and have been designated as Set 1 and Set 2 on the basis of their mobilities on agar diffusion.
