Ciprofloxacin-Combination-Oil-Thymol-Activity-Biofilm-Cell-Viability-r

The observed inhibitory/eradication activity on K. pneumoniae biofilms was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. CONCLUSIONS: Thyme and peppermint EOs, and their active components are promising antibiofilm agents alone and/or in combination with ciprofloxacin to inhibit/eradicate biofilms of K. pneumoniae. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The presented results suggest the potential application of EOs against infections, caused by biofilm-producing K. pneumoniae, to prevent biofilm formation or decrease their resistance threshold.

Moreover, the combination of EOs with ciprofloxacin minimizes the antibiotic concentration used and accordingly the potential accompanying toxic side Deciphering the core fouling-causing microbiota in a membrane bioreactor: Low Guangzhou, 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen Guangzhou, 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen Currently, membrane biofouling in membrane bioreactors (MBRs) is normally attributed to the occurrence of abundant bacterial species on membranes, whereas the roles of low-abundance bacteria have not been paid sufficient attention. In this study, the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) algorithm was used to identify active biomarkers, determining 67 different phylotypes among Bulk sludge, low-fouling Bio-cake (10 kPa), high-fouling Bio-cake (25 kPa) and Membrane pore in a membrane bioreactor with NaOCl backwash. Interestingly, a large proportion of the active biomarkers in bio-cake samples, such as preferential growth of these low-abundance bacteria on the membrane surface. Furthermore, the characterization of microbial interactions using a random matrix theory (RMT)-based network approach obtained a network consisting of 120 nodes and 228 edges. Specifically, Colanic acid showed the presence of an intense competition among bacterial species in the fouling-related communities, suggesting that negative interactions have an important effect on determining the microbial community structure. More importantly, the LEfSe algorithm and network analysis showed that most of the core species of the bio-cake, such as Burkholderiaceae, Bacillus and Rhodothermaceae, merely amounted to a very low relative abundance (<1%), suggesting their unrecognized and over-proportional ecological role in triggering the initial biofilm formation and subsequent biofilm maturation during MBR operation. Overall, this work should improve our understanding of the bacterial community structure on the fouled membranes in Programming a Biofilm-Mediated Multienzyme-Assembly-Cascade System for the Biocatalytic Production of Glucosamine from Chitin.

Nanjing 210009 , People's Republic of China. Nanjing 210009 , People's Republic of China. Chitin is used as an essential raw material for the production of glucosamine kodakaraensis KOD1, that catalyze the sequential conversion of α-chitin into GlcN and developed a multienzyme-assembly-cascade (MAC) system immobilized in a SpyTag-SpyCatcher and SnoopTag-SnoopCatcher pairs provided covalent and specific binding force to fix enzymes to the biofilm one by one and assemble close enzyme cascades. The MAC system showed great catalytic activity, converting 792 ± 31% of α-chitin into GlcN with little byproducts, which was 29 times that of GlcN catalyzed by a mixture of pure enzymes. The system also exhibited good temperature and pH stability. Notably, Buy now of enzyme activity was retained after 6 rounds of reuse, and appreciable activity remained after 17 rounds. The impact of primary colonizers on the community composition of river biofilm.

As a strategy for minimizing microbial infections in fish hatcheries, we have investigated how putatively probiotic bacterial populations influence biofilm formation. All surfaces that are exposed to the aquatic milieu develop a microbial community through the selective assembly of microbial populations into a surface-adhering biofilm. In the investigations reported herein, we describe laboratory experiments designed to determine how initial colonization of a surface by nonpathogenic isolates from sturgeon eggs influence the subsequent assembly of populations from a pelagic river community, into the existing biofilm. All eight of the tested strains altered the assembly of river biofilm in a strain-specific manner.