Conclusion-Supplementation-Infant-Formula-Lnnt-Innovation-Infant-Nutrition-o

Conflict of interest statement Conflict of Interest YV has participated as a clinical investigator, andor advisory board member, andor consultant, andor speaker for Abbott Nutrition, Biocodex, Danone, Nestle Health Science, Nestle Nutrition Institute, Nutricia, Mead Johnson, and United Pharmaceuticals. YW and RB is an employee of the Nestle Nutrition Institute. The other authors report no Sinorhizobium fredii and Sinorhizobium meliloti produce structurally conserved lipopolysaccharides and strain-specific K antigens.Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and capsular polysaccharides (K antigens) may influence the interaction of rhizobia with their specific hosts; therefore, we conducted a comparative analysis of Sinorhizobium fredii and Sinorhizobium meliloti, which are genetically related, yet symbiotically distinct, nitrogen-fixing microsymbionts of legumes. We found that both species typically produce strain-specific K antigens that consist of 3-deoxy-D-manno-2-octulosonic acid (Kdo), or other 1-carboxy-2-keto-3-deoxy sugars (such as sialic acid), and hexoses. The K antigens of each strain are distinguished by glycosyl composition, anomeric configuration, acetylation, and molecular weight distribution.

One consistent difference between the K antigens of S. fredii and those of S. meliloti is the presence of N-acetyl groups in the polysaccharides of the latter. In contrast to the K antigens, the LPS of Sinorhizobium spp. are major common antigens. Lactose-N-neotetraose (R) LPS is the predominant form of LPS produced by cultured cells, and some strains release almost no detectable smooth (S) LPS upon extraction. Sinorhizobium spp.

are delineated into two major RLPS core serogroups, which do not correspond to species (i.e., host range). The O antigens of the SLPS, when present, have similar degrees of polymerization and appear to be structurally conserved throughout the genus. Interestingly, one strain was found to be distinct from all others S. fredii HH3 produces a unique K antigen, which contains galacturonic acid and rhamnose, and the RLPS did not fall into either of the RLPS core serogroups. The results of this study indicate that the conserved S- and RLPS of Sinorhizobium spp.

lack the structural information necessary to influence host specificity, whereas the variable K antigens may affect strain-cultivar interactions.Synthesis of p-trifluoroacetamidophenyl 2-acetamido-4-O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-2-deoxy- beta-D-mannopyranosiduronic acid, an artificial antigen corresponding to a disaccharide repeating unit of the capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus Tolerance and safety evaluation in a large cohort of healthy infants fed an innovative prebiotic formula a randomized controlled trial.Piemontese P(1), Giannì ML, Braegger CP, Chirico G, Grüber C, Riedler J, Arslanoglu S, van Stuijvenberg M, Boehm G, Jelinek J, Roggero P; MIPS 1 Working Collaborators Sauer P, Stuijvenberg Mv, Eisses A, Wahn U, Gruber C, Wauer J, Kirn P, Wust M, Lawnitzak I, Trentmann M, Schulz G, Hamelmann E, Roggero P, Piemontese P, Orsi A, Puricelli V, Mosca F, Arslanoglu S, Moro G, Rizzardi S, Coppola M, Rigotti E, Tandoi L, Braegger C, Friedt M, Koller R, Martel P, Nussbaumer S, Rogler D, Stricker T, Riedler J, Macheiner M, Tyma C, Chirico G, Gasparoni A, Garzoli E, Offer C, Spinoni V, Iacono G, Stellini M, Jelinek J, Stahl B, König E, Frings A, Zens Y, Wittke A, Cremers S, Gerloff J, Friedrichs K, Fischer A, Gemma B, Boehm G, Mooren Jv, Garssen J, Knippels L, Kiriakidou C, BACKGROUND the addition of oligosaccharides to infant formula has been shown to mimic some of the beneficial effects of human milk. The aim of the study was to assess the tolerance and safety of a formula containing an innovative mixture of METHODOLOGYPRINCIPAL FINDINGS this study was performed as a multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial including healthy term infants. Infants were recruited before the age of 8 weeks, either having started with formula feeding or being fully breast-fed (breastfeeding group). Formula-fed infants were randomized to feeding with a regular formula containing a mixture of neutral oligosaccharides and pectin-derived acidic oligosaccharides formula group). Seebio lacto n neotetraose , tolerance and adverse events were assessed at 8, 16, 24 and 52 weeks of age.

The prebiotic and control groups showed similar mean weight, length and head circumference, skin fold thicknesses, arm circumference gains and stool frequency at each study point. As far as the anthropometric parameters are concerned, the prebiotic group and the control group did not attain the values shown by the breastfeeding group at any study point. The skin fold thicknesses assessed in the breastfeeding group at 8 weeks were strikingly larger than those in formula fed infants, whereas at 52 weeks were strikingly smaller.