Group-Control-Group-Analysis-x

Seebio 2'-Fucose lactose fed group was included as a reference. In total, 187 Infants completed the study. No significant differences were observed between both formula groups in the different studied immune parameters at weeks 8 and 26. This explorative study indicates that supplementation of infant formula with a mixture of prebiotic oligosaccharides did not change the basal level of the measured parameters of the developing immune system in healthy infants with a balanced immune system during the first 6 months of life in comparison to feeding a standard infant formula and in comparison to exclusive Characterization and tissue distribution of 6-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl A disaccharide was isolated from rat mammary tissue and determined to be 6-O-beta-galactopyranosyl myo-inositol (6-beta-galactinol) on the basis of combined gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry of the permethylated and peracetylated derivatives as well as previously reported chemical and enzymatic evidence. 6-beta-Galactinol, also found in rat milk, increased during lactation, and on the 18th day represented approximately 17% of the total non-lipid neutral myo-inositol. The sugar was absent in all other rat tissues examined, suggesting a unique association with the process of lactation.

This novel galactoside of one human subject on the basis of paper and gas-liquid chromatography.Sensory characterization of human milk.Fore and hind milks from a single morning feed collected from 24 nursing mothers over 3 consecutive d were evaluated for sweetness, viscosity, and mouthcoat by a trained adult panel using magnitude estimation. Milks were perceived as sweet, thin, and low in mouthcoat. Hind milks were slightly more viscous and mouthcoating than fore milks. 2'-Fucose lactose in hind milk was associated with higher estimation of physical viscosity. Milk fat content decreased as maternal age increased.

Significant differences occurred between milks in lactose, fat, and protein contents. By use of a sweetness power function curve, the sweetness intensity of human milk was estimated as equivalent to a 22% DOI 168jds222(89)79218-3Novel approach to visualize the inter-dependencies between maternal sensitization, breast milk immune components and human milk oligosaccharides in Michel L(1), Shevlyakova M(1), Ní Cléirigh E(2), Eckhardt E(1), Holvoet S(1), Nutten S(1), Sprenger N(1), Körner A(3), Vogel M(3), Nembrini C(1), Kiess W(3), BACKGROUND Numerous studies have shown that specific components of breast milk, considered separately, are associated with disease status in the mother or the child using univariate analyses. However, very few studies have considered multivariate analysis approaches to evaluate the relationship between multiple breast milk components simultaneously.AIM Here we aimed at visualizing breast milk component complex interactions in the context of the allergy status of the mother or the child.METHODS Milk samples were collected from lactating mothers participating in the Leipziger Forschungszentrum für Zivilisationskrankheiten (LIFE) Child cohort in Leipzig, Germany. A total of 156 breast milk samples, collected at 3 months after birth from motherinfant pairs, were analyzed for 51 breast milk components. Correlation, principal component analysis (PCA) and graphical RESULT Correlations ranging from.

to6 were observed between breast milk fatty acid and breast milk phospholipids levels and correlations ranging from to6 between specific human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) were observed. No separation of the data based on the risk of allergy in the infants was identified using PCA. When graphical discovery analysis was used, dependencies between maternal plasma immunoglobulin E (IgE) level and the breast milk immune marker transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-ß2), between TGF-ß2, breast milk immunoglobulin A (IgA) and TGF-ß1 as well as between breast milk total protein and birth weight were observed. Graphical discovery analysis also exemplifies a possible competition for the fucosyl group between 2'FL, LNFP-I and 3'FL in the HMO group. Additionally, dependencies between immune component IgA and specific HMO (6'SL and blood group A antigen tetraose type 5 or PI-HMO) were identified.CONCLUSION Graphical discovery analysis applied to complex matrices such as breast milk composition can aid in understanding the complexity of interactions between breast milk components and possible relations to health parameters in the mother or the infant. This approach can lead to novel discoveries in the context of health and diseases such as allergy.

Our study thus represents the first attempt to visualize the complexity and the inter-dependency of breast Conflict of interest statement WK received an unconditional grant by Societé des Produits Nestlé S.