Myeliod-Cells-Monocytes-Lymphoblasts-Group-H-Type-R-Activator-a

(II) Brain has the same acceptor specificity pattern as myeloid cells, but can also use Co2+ as activator. (III) Plasma and liver transfer an alpha-L-furopyranosyl group to H blood-group Type 2 and to [alpha-NeuAc-(2----3)-beta-D-Galp-(1----4)-beta-D-GlcpNAc----R]. (IV) Intestine, gall bladder, kidney, and milk have the same activity as (III), but also transfer an alpha-L-fucopyranosyl group to O-4 of a 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose residue of H blood-group Type 1 [alpha-L-Fucp-(1----2)-beta-D-Galp-(1----3)-beta-D-GlcpNAc----R] and sialyl Type 1 [alpha-NeuAc-(1----3)-beta-D-Galp-(1----3)-beta-D-GlcpNAc----R]. (V) Stomach mucosa is not able to use sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine, but can transfer an alpha-L-fucopyranosyl group to the other Type 1 and Type 2 acceptors. Unlike in adult tissue, a single myeloid-like pattern of development in all tissues tested. 2'-fucosyllactose is later progressively replaced by enzymes or mixtures of enzymes having the corresponding adult patterns of enzyme expression.

All lymphoblastoid cell lines and half of the tumor epithelial cell lines tested expressed the myeloid-like pattern of enzyme found in normal embryonic tissues. 2'-fucosyllactose remaining tumor epithelial cell lines expressed different forms of (1----34)-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase acceptor Treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection using a novel antiadhesion compound BACKGROUND AND AIM 3' sialyllactose sodium salt (3'SL) is an oligosaccharide that occurs naturally in human and bovine milk. It can inhibit the adhesion of H. pylori to human epithelial cells in vitro. The aim of this study was to test whether this oligosaccharide can suppress or cure H. pylori colonization in vivo and to determine its safety in humans.METHODS Seventy-one consecutive dyspeptic patients with H.

pylori infection documented by histology and 13C-Urea Breath Test (UBT) were initially recruited to this study. Patients with UBT values 15 were excluded, thus reducing the enrollment to 65 patients. They were given two different dosages of 3'SL ( g or gday) in three daily administrations before meals or placebo for 4 weeks, according to a randomised double-blind protocol. A standardized 13C-UBT (using 0 mg of 13C labelled urea) was repeated in all patients at fixed intervals during treatment (at the end of weeks 1, 2 and 4) and 4 weeks after treatment withdrawal. Patients compliance and side-effects were evaluated at each weekly RESULTS Five patients were excluded from the PP analysis due to violation of the protocol (noncompliance, lost to follow-up), whereas 61 patients completed correctly the study 17 received 3'SL gday, 22 were treated with 3'SL gday and 21 were given placebo. The three treatment groups did not significantly differ in demographic or clinical patient characteristics. No serious adverse events were observed during therapy in any of the three groups.

No patients became UBT negative (4) during or after treatment but UBT values decreased significantly during the study period in both treatment groups and CONCLUSIONS Antiadhesive therapy was safe and well tolerated but did not suppress or cure H. pylori colonization in humans. The observed decrease in UBT values could be explained by a regression towards the mean effect.Determination of the conformation of Lewis blood group oligosaccharides by simulation of two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser data.Through control of both the nmr probe temperature and of the solvent viscosity, phase-sensitive two-dimensional 1H nuclear Overhauser data (NOESY) at 0 and 0 MHz are obtained with excellent signal-to-noise ratios for Lewis blood group penta- and hexasaccharides isolated from human milk. Relatively long mixing times are required to produce measurable NOE intensities in these oligosaccharides, which makes a full relaxation matrix analysis necessary. By measurements of selective T1 for a few isolated 1H resonances, it was possible to generate a simulation of the complete NOESY spectrum at arbitrary mixing time for comparison with the experimental data.

From an exhaustive search of the conformational space, it was found that only a small range of glycosidic dihedral angles of the nonreducing terminal Lewis blood group determinant fragments of the milk oligosaccharides LNF-2 and LND-1 produce simulated spectra agreeing within experimental error to the data. Conformational energy calculations reveal that each of these conformations is also one of minimum energy.