Permeability-Modelling-In-A-Extremely-Heterogeneous-Tight-Carbonate-Reservoir-Using-Comparative-Evaluating-Learningbased-And-Fittingbased-Approaches-Scientific-Reviews-p
Both observations recommend that the permeability-controlling fracture patterns are difficult to predict in the research space. This assumption is additional supported by the two fracture patterns that have been recognized within the well, primarily based on FMI data (Fig. 13; Reinecker et al. 2015). None of these fracture patterns coincides with those noticed at the surface. At a depth of about 3275 m, i.e. the depth at which complete mud loss occurred, and the place the API values are increased (Fig. 10a), a fault is predicted based mostly on the seismics (Lotz 2014). We propose that it's likely that this fracture system belongs to the damage zone of the fault, rather than reflecting the regional development. Quartz cementation, which has a direct impact on rock properties, similar to density, porosity, and strength, has a development on the floor that will increase from west (3–7%) to east (3–23%; Fig. 5b).
Thus, injury zones of large-scale fault zones are prime targets for geothermal exploration. Consequently, dependable prediction of the structural inventory of faults and its hydrological impact on the deliberate geothermal reservoir is essential. Given the amount of parameters wanted to be investigated to predict the properties of fractured and fault-related reservoirs, careful number of outcrop analogues is essential to ensure their comparability to the reservoir under exploration. The core permeability of eleven wells within the DLG block is measured, and the expected reservoir permeability is compared with the measured core permeability, and permeability is concentrated in zero.5−1.0×10−3 μm2 (Table 7).
Thus, to discover out the length of the production test to pattern an inexpensive portion of the reservoir, adopted by the PBU test, one can choose a desired radius after which decide the period of the take a look at using the "best guess" for the value of permeability. Table 1 illustrates typical test occasions required based on the specified radius and the most effective guess at formation permeability. It is seen that the circulate channels are of various dimensions and shapes and are randomly connected. So it isn't appropriate to use the Poiseuille’s equation for circulate in the porous media. The related parameter data of 24 blocks in Jing’an Oilfield are used as analog blocks, and the similarity calculation needs to collect the above analog parameters as the idea.
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Especially, knowledge about temperature and permeability of the reservoir is crucial. We test the potential of an outcrop analogue research to attenuate uncertainties in prediction of the rock properties of a fractured reservoir within the Upper Rhine Graben. Our results present that although mineralogical composition, clay content, grain dimension, and fabric type are mainly comparable, porosity and quartz cementation aren't.
Then, the vertical and horizontal permeability of the wells 2 and 4 had been predicted. The efficiency of permeability prediction using this strategy is examined intimately and in contrast with other strategies in Sect. Five wells were drilled and accomplished in this reservoir including four manufacturing wells and one remark well.
Lee et al. proposed a two-step technique for logging permeability prediction using nonparametric regression mixed with multivariate statistical analysis. Secondly, alternating conditional expectation (ACE), generalized additive model (GAM), and neural network (NNET) are used to predict permeability using logging in each electrical phase [56]. Al-Anazi et al. established a permeability prediction model using assist vector regression (SVR) of well logging in heterogeneous sandstone reservoirs [58]. To address this problem, previous researchers established a permeability model based on the move zone index (FZI). The FZI, as a quantitative indicator for figuring out and dividing circulate units, is broadly used by students within the subject of oil and gas development.
