Product-Distributions-Cleavage-Activity-Substrate-Cleavage-Mechanism-Exception-Glcn-Formation-Product-o

These observations provide critical insight into the substrate specificity of dPNAG specific glycosidase that can help guide their design as biocatalysts.Branched arabino-oligosaccharides isolated from sugar beet arabinan.Sugar beet arabinan consists of an alpha-(1,5)-linked backbone of L-arabinosyl residues, which can be either single or double substituted with alpha-(1,2)- andor alpha-(1,3)-linked L-arabinosyl residues. Neutral branched arabino-oligosaccharides were isolated from sugar beet arabinan by enzymatic degradation with mixtures of pure and well-defined arabinohydrolases from Chrysosporium lucknowense followed by fractionation based on size and analysis by MALDI-TOF MS and HPAEC. Using NMR analysis, two main series of branched arabino-oligosaccharides have been identified, both having an alpha-(1,5)-linked backbone of L-arabinosyl residues. One series carries single substituted alpha-(1,3)-linked L-arabinosyl residues at the backbone, whereas the other series consists of a double substituted alpha-(1,2,3,5)-linked arabinan structure within the molecule.

The structures of eight such branched arabino-oligosaccharides were established.[Study on the production of trehalose by bacterium D-97 endocellular enzymes The mechanism in which trehalose is produced from dextrin or starch hydrolyzate by endocellular enzymes of bacterium D-97 can be elucidated high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with differential refraction detection (RI) basically, including the effect of the different carbon sources on the endocellular trehalose-producing enzymes in bacterium D-97 and the possibility or ability of the endocellular enzymes to produce trehalose using maltooligosaccharides of different chain lengths. After Seebio lacto n neotetraose of endocellular enzymes of bacterium D-97, two enzymes (called Enzyme A and Enzyme B) related to trehalose synthesis were found. lacto-n-neotetraose produced by Enzyme A were analyzed with the HPLCRI and HPLCESI-MS molecular masses of the unknown oligosaccharides were the same as those of the enzymatic reaction substances (maltotriose, maltotetraose and maltopentaose) respectively. In combining with other results of biological experiments, these unknown oligosaccharides had been identified basically. There was no reduction power in these unknown oligosaccharides and only one trehalose residue exited in the molecular chain of these unknown oligosaccharides.Alginate oligosaccharide indirectly affects toll-like receptor signaling via the inhibition of microRNA-29b in aneurysm patients after endovascular aortic Yang Y(#)(1)(2)(3)(4), Ma Z(#)(1)(2)(3)(4), Yang G(1)(2)(3)(4), Wan Endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) is often followed by aneurysm recurrence.

Alginate oligosaccharide (AOS) has potential antitumor properties as a natural product while the related mechanisms remain unclear. Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling is associated with inflammatory activity of aneurysm and may be affected by miR-29b. Thus, inhibitory function of AOS on aneurysms was explored by measuring the important molecules in TLR4 signaling. After EVAR, a total of 248 aortic aneurysm patients were recruited and randomly assigned into two groups AOS group (AG, oral administration -mg AOS daily) and control group side effects were investigated. Aneurysm recurrence was determined by Kaplan-Meier analysis. After 2 years, eight and two patients died in the CG and AG, respectively. The sizes of residual aneurysms were significantly larger in the CG than in the AG (P5).

The incidence of aneurysm recurrence was also significantly higher in the CG than in the AG (P5). AOS treatment reduced the levels of miR-29b, TLR4, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B), interleukin 1 (IL-1) beta, and interleukin 6 TLR4, phospho-p65 NF-kappa B, phospho-p38 MAPK, IL-1 beta, and IL-6. Spearman's rank correlation analysis shows that the level of miR-29b is positively related to the levels of TLR4, NF-kappa B, IL-1 beta, and IL-6 (P5). Thus, AOS represses aneurysm recurrence by indirectly affecting TLR signaling via miR-29b.Conflict of interest statement Disclosure The authors report no conflicts of Characterization of oligosaccharide units of p-N-collagen type III from p-N-collagen type III was extracted from dermatosparactic and normal fetal bovine skin and purified by ion-exchange chromatography using DEAE- and CM-cellulose. Asparagine-linked sugar chains were fractionated by high voltage paper chromatography from the products obtained after hydrazinolysis and reduction with NaB3H4.