Suggests-Vaccine-Abs-Infection-n

However, lacto-n-neotetraose of a GXM-based vaccine has been limited by evidence that GXM is a poor immunogen that can induce nonprotective and deleterious, as well as protective, Abs, and that the nature of GXM oligosaccharide epitopes that can elicit a protective response is unknown. In this study, we investigated whether a peptide surrogate for a GXM epitope could induce an Ab response to GXM in mice. The immunogenicity of peptide-protein conjugates produced by linking a peptide mimetic of GXM, P13, to either BSA, P13-BSA, or tetanus toxoid, P13-tetanus toxoid, was examined in BALBc and CBAn mice that received four s.c. injections of the conjugates at 14- to -day intervals. All mice immunized with conjugate produced IgM and IgG to P13 and GXM.

Challenge of conjugate-immunized mice with C. neoformans revealed longer survival and lower serum GXM levels than control mice. These results indicate that 1) P13 is a GXM mimotope and 2) that it induced a protective response against C. neoformans in mice. P13 is the first reported mimotope of a C. neoformans Ag. Therefore, the P13 conjugates are vaccine candidates for C.

neoformans and their efficacy in this study suggests that peptide mimotopes selected by protective Abs deserve further consideration as vaccine candidates for encapsulated pathogens.Induction of hepatocyte growth factor by fucoidan and fucoidan-derived Molecular Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2-B7 Fucoidan, which is extracted from brown seaweed, is a complex sulphated polysaccharide that is mostly composed of L-fucose and sulphated ester groups. The structural and anionic characteristics of fucoidan are similar to those of heparin. Heparin stimulates production of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), which has key roles in tissue regeneration. We have shown that fucoidan and fucoidan-derived oligosaccharides have similar ability to stimulate production of HGF as heparin and heparin-derived oligosaccharides. This induction of HGF by heparin or fucoidan and their oligosaccharide derivates occurs primarily at the level of translation, probably via the same mechanism. Fucoidan may thus be useful to protect tissues and organs from various injuries and diseases, via Neutral and acidic milk oligosaccharides of the striped skunk (Mephitidae Taufik E(1), Sekii N, Senda A, Fukuda K, Saito T, Eisert R, Oftedal OT, Urashima The biological significance of the tremendous variation in proportions of oligosaccharides and lactose among mammalian milks is poorly understood.

We investigated milk oligosaccharides of the striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) and compared these results to other species of the clade Mustelida. Individual oligosaccharides were identified by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In the striped skunk, six oligosaccharides were identified isoglobotriose, 2'-fucosyllactose, A-tetrasaccharide, Galili pentasaccharide, 3'-sialyllactose and monosialyl monogalactosyl lacto-N-neohexaose. Four of these have been found in related Mustelida and the other two in more distantly related carnivorans. lacto-n-neotetraose and acidic oligosaccharides derive from three core structures lactose (Gal(β1-4)Glc), lacto-N-neotetraose Positive and negative electrospray ionisation travelling wave ion mobility mass spectrometry and low-energy collision-induced dissociation of sialic acid Mono- or oligosaccharide-containing samples, whether they are derived from biological sources or products of chemical synthesis, are often mixtures of spatial or constitutional isomers. The possibility of characterising or performing quality control on such samples by mass spectrometry is hampered because these isomers cannot be separated by their mass-to-charge ratio alone. Therefore, the use of techniques to separate the isobaric sample compounds prior to mass spectrometric characterisation is mandatory.

Travelling wave ion mobility separation offers the possibility of separating mixtures based on their compound's collisional cross-sections in the gas phase and can easily be combined with mass spectrometry for further characterisation. Here, we use 5-N-acetylneuraminic acid and several derivatives as model compounds to evaluate the separation power of travelling wave ion mobility spectrometry and present an approach to clearly identify constitutional isomers in mixtures in combination with low-energy collision-induced dissociation (CID) in the negative ion mode even if they cannot be completely separated by ion mobility.Structural studies on the glucose-heptose region of the Proteus mirabilis R Methylation analysis of the core oligosaccharide of the Proteus mirabilis mutant R4 (derived from serotype28 was carried out in order to obtain information on the internal (glucose-heptose) region of the P. mirabilis R core.