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Mesothelioma

Mesothelioma is a type of cancer correlated with exposure to asbestos, a naturally occurring mineral. The disease is usually diagnosed decades after exposure.

Vimeo for mesothelioma is chemotherapy, radiation and surgery. Treatment can help patients live longer.

There are three types. The stage and type of cells in the tumor can affect the prognosis.

What is mesothelioma?

The cancerous mesothelioma forms in the mesothelium (a thin layer of tissue that encloses organs inside). It is caused by asbestos, which is a grouping of fibrous minerals.

The most common exposure to asbestos occurs when people swallow or inhale stray asbestos fibers. These asbestos particles cling to the lining of organs and cause irritation, leading to tumors. The diagnosis of mesothelioma can be determined by doctors after they examine the tumors and collect a tissue sample, also known as a biopsy. Mesothelioma is classified based on the type of cells are found in the tumors. The three types of mesothelioma are epithelial (also called sarcomatoid) biphasic, sarcomatoid and epithelial. Epithelial Mesothelioma makes up about 50 percent of all diagnoses. Sarcomatoid cancer accounts for 10 percent of cases and has a lower prognosis than epithelial mesothelioma. Biphasic mesothelioma has a mixture of both epithelial and sarcomatoid cells and is responsible for between 30% and 40% of all diagnoses.

Symptoms of mesothelioma may include difficulty breathing, chest pain or pain in the abdomen. These symptoms can be similar to those of other conditions. It is important to consult your doctor immediately in the event that you experience any of these.

The treatment for mesothelioma could improve symptoms, slow tumour development and help patients live longer. Treatment options include chemotherapy, radiation therapy and surgery. Patients may also receive palliative treatment, which helps control pain and discomfort.

Doctors continue to research ways to treat mesothelioma and how it can spread. The latest treatments include immunotherapy, which uses your body's immune system to fight cancer. This is a trial treatment that has shown promise for certain mesothelioma patients. Patients are also able to participate in clinical trials, which are research studies of new treatments. Patients with mesothelioma are often treated in cancer centers with specialized physicians who treat this condition.

Diagnosis

A mesothelioma diagnosis is the initial step to receive treatment that can extend your life. Your doctor will review your symptoms and medical history to determine the type of mesothelioma you have. This is vital because the three mesothelioma primary cell types respond differently to treatment.

The first test that your doctor might recommend is a chest X-ray or CT scan. During the procedure, you'll lie on a table as the X-ray machine or CT scan creates a detailed image of your chest and its surrounding organs. Prior to the procedure, a tiny injection of dye, which is usually Iodine is administered. This makes the tissue in your chest and abdomen lighter, making it easier to be able to. You may also be asked to take breath tests during this period of time.

If these tests reveal a possible tumor or mass that could be cancerous, your doctor might require the procedure of a biopsy. A biopsy involves the removal of a sample of the mass or tumor either surgically or by inserting an instrument into the site. The specimen is then examined under a microscope in order to look for mesothelioma-like cells.

In some instances our specialists employ ultrasound to identify lymph nodes with enlarged lymphatic vessels that could be mesothelioma. This procedure is known as endobronchial ultrasound guided needle aspiration or EBNA. This procedure is done as an outpatient procedure, meaning you can return home the next day.

A mesothelioma specialist must also know the stage of the cancer. The stages are determined by how much the cancer has spread and which mesothelioma type it is. A mesothelioma specialist will provide you with a precise diagnosis to ensure you get the best treatment.

Treatment

A patient's mesothelioma treatment plan depends on how much the disease has progressed and their overall health. Patients with mesothelioma typically receive multimodal treatment, which includes chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation.

The first step to treat mesothelioma is getting an examination for physical health and telling the doctor about any past exposure to asbestos. Doctors may also request blood tests or imaging scans to check for mesothelioma, and to rule out other ailments. These include CT (computerized Tomography) scans, MRI (magnetic-resonance imaging) scans, FDG-PET scans (fluorodeoxyglucose positron emissions tomography) and mediastinoscopy.

Surgery is an option for the majority of pleural mesothelioma cases. Patients can undergo a minimally-invasive procedure referred to as video-assisted needle biopsy, or CT-guided thoracoscopic surgical. Both surgeries can reduce symptoms and increase the lifespan of patients.

Chemotherapy is a therapy that uses drugs to end cancerous cells and prevent them from growing. It is standard mesothelioma treatment and can help extend survival. It can be administered via intravenous drip (IV) or in pill form.

Radiation is a different mesothelioma treatment that can kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. It can be used to treat pleural tumors at various stages, and to reduce pain and prolong the life of patients.

In the latter stages of mesothelioma treatment doctors focus on controlling symptoms to extend the life span of a patient as long as they can. This kind of treatment is known as palliative care. Despite the low survival rate of mesothelioma there are still a lot of survivors. For instance paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould, who was diagnosed with mesothelioma of the peritoneal region in 1982, lived another 20 years until he passed away due to complications from a different illness.

Signs and symptoms

Mesothelioma can cause symptoms weeks or even years prior to the diagnosis is made. The early symptoms are similar to those caused by other conditions and it is easy to overlook or misinterpret them for minor ailments. If you experience any of these symptoms it is crucial that you consult your doctor right away.

The organs in your body are protected by mesothelium, a layer. This layer protects them from touching. Mesothelioma can affect the mesothelium cell that form the lining of several of your organs. The lining surrounding your lung is the most frequent site where mesothelioma starts. However, it may also develop in your heart (pericardium) and abdomen (peritoneum) or the lining around your testicles (tunica vulginalis).

The first signs of mesothelioma can be breathlessness or chest pain, as well as fatigue. Mesothelioma can also cause swelling of the chest wall or lungs, resulting in pleural effusion. Pleural effusions can cause pressure on the lungs, making coughing difficult and difficult breathing.

Doctors diagnose mesothelioma by taking a patient's medical history and conducting an examination. They may order chest X-rays to determine if there are any abnormalities, like thickening of the lining of the lungs or a buildup of fluid on the chest wall. They may also request a CT scan, MRI or PET scan to take a closer look at your lungs and other tissues. They can also remove any fluid that accumulates in the pleura or peritoneum with an ultrasound-guided needle aspiration procedure.

A biopsy will reveal what mesothelioma types are growing into the cancer and how they are growing. This can help doctors choose the most effective treatment options. Surgery, radiation and chemotherapy are the three main types of mesothelioma treatment that are commonly used.

The following is a list with preventions.





Mesothelioma is not preventable, however you can minimize the chance of developing it by avoiding people who are exposed to asbestos and avoiding the area. Exposure to asbestos may cause lung cancer, as well as other diseases that can affect the lining of certain organs. There are many types of mesothelioma, and some are more serious than others. Certain types are easier to treat than others.

Asbestos is a group minerals with microscopic fibers. It was utilized in industrial and construction products by manufacturers who were not aware of its dangers. Blue-collar and veteran workers were particularly exposed to asbestos. Asbestos has been proven to be a risk and you shouldn't live in an old factory or work there.

Discuss with your doctor regular screenings if there is any previous history of exposure to asbestos. X-rays, CT or MRI scanners can identify problems in your abdomen or lungs. A biopsy can help identify an abnormality in the lining of your stomach or chest. Doctors will then examine a tissue sample from the same area to determine whether you have mesothelioma. There is a chance that you have pleural mesothelioma which affects your lungs' liner. Other types include pericardial, testicular or peritoneal.

After exposure to asbestos it may take many years before mesothelioma starts to manifest. Even if it does, it can be hard to diagnose. It is often mistakenly diagnosed with other diseases or conditions such as pneumonia, bronchitis, or cancer. This could prevent you from receiving the correct treatment. Researchers are working to improve diagnosis and developing tests that detect mesothelioma earlier. This could lead to better treatments and a better survival rate. The research involves genetic testing to identify those most likely develop mesothelioma.