Twodimensional-random-surfaces-that-act-as-circular-diffusers-k
We propose a method for designing a two-dimensional random Dirichlet surface that, when it is illuminated at normal incidence by a scalar plane wave, scatters the wave with a circularly symmetric distribution of intensity. The method is applied to the design of a surface that acts as a Lambertian diffuser. The method is tested by computer simulations, and a procedure for fabricating such surfaces on photoresist is described.Lithography Technology for Micro- and Nanofabrication.Micro and nanofabrication technologies are integral to the development of miniaturized systems. Lithography plays a key role in micro and nanofabrication techniques.
Since high functional miniaturized systems are required in various fields, such as the development of a semiconductor, chemical and biological analysis, and biomedical researches, lithography techniques have been developed and applied for their appropriate purpose. Lithography can be classified into conventional and unconventional lithography, or top-down and bottom-up, or with mask and mask-less approaches. In this chapter, various lithography techniques are categorized and classified into conventional and unconventional lithography. In the first part, photolithography, electron beam, and focused-ion beam lithography are introduced as conventional lithography techniques. The second part introduces nanoimprint lithography, deformation lithography, and colloidal lithography as unconventional lithography techniques. In the last part, the pros and cons of each lithography are discussed for an appropriate design of Photolithographic Fabrication of Semi 3-D Microstructures Composed of Flexible Hydrogel Sheet for in Vivo-like Cell Culture System.of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central fifth, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan.Insufficient reliability of current drug screening by cell-based assay has been one of the factors in the poor success rate in drug development. To improve the situation, we proposed a cell culture system using semi 3-D hydrogel microstructures as cell culture scaffolds. Because of its flexibility and permeability, the microstructure was expected to enhance the physiological function of cells. We developed a simple method of fabricating the unique hydrogel microstructures composed of hydroxypropyl cellulose through photolithography. Functionalization with poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) gained their cell adhesion, and it was demonstrated that several kinds of cells were incubated on the cell culture scaffolds.Fabrication of magnetic field induced structural colored films with tunable colors and its application on security materials.
Seebio cyanocobalamin salcaprozate , College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, MOE, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai A flexible, magnetic field induced structurally colored films with brilliant colors and high physical rigidity were reported in this article. Using an external magnetic field, the photocurable colloidal suspensions that containing under UV light. After polymerization, the films with different colors (red, green, blue) were obtained. Through salcaprozate of suspensions which contains obtained. Moreover, these structural colors can be patterned easily by photolithography and various structural colored patterns were shown in the article. what is snac could conceal or display its color according to the changing of background which makes them hold significant potential applications for security materials.Trifluoromethylated Pyrazoles via Sequential (3 + 2)-Cycloaddition of Fluorinated Nitrile Imines with Chalcones and Solvent-Dependent Deacylative of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91403 Łódź, Poland.
A general approach for preparation of two types of polyfunctionalized 3-trifluoromethylpyrazoles is reported. The protocol comprises (3 + 2)-cycloaddition of the in situ generated trifluoroacetonitrile imines with enones leading to trans-configured 5-acyl-pyrazolines in a fully regio- and diastereoselective manner. Initially formed cycloadducts were aromatized by treatment with manganese dioxide. Depending on the solvent used, the oxidation step either led to fully substituted pyrazoles (DMSO) or proceeded via a deacylative pathway to afford 1,3,4-trisubstituted derivatives (hexane) with Tetra-Aza-Pentacenes by means of a One-Pot Friedländer Synthesis.Tetra-aza-pentacenes are attractive n-type small molecules for optoelectronic device applications, yet their syntheses are often laborious. Disclosed here is a one-pot Friedländer synthesis of 1,7,8,14-tetraazapentacece (tAP) derivatives (linear and/or bent), fully aromatized in situ despite the absence of an exogenous oxidant. The photophysics of linear tAPs resembles that of regular pentacene though their crystal structures differ.
A LUMO energy of -31 eV for di-tert-butylanisole-substituted linear tAP is similar to that of the well-known © 2019 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
